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Human Neuroscience > Lecture 9: Introduction to the Sensory System > Flashcards

Lecture 9: Introduction to the Sensory System Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: Discriminative touch is required to recognize size, shape, and texture of objects and their movement across the skin

A

True

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2
Q

True or False: Tactile sensitivity is greatest on hairless skin of fingers, palm of hand, soles of feet, and lips

A

True

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3
Q

_____: Sense of static position and movement of limbs and body
A. Discriminative Touch
B. Proprioception
C. Nociception
D. Temperature Sense

A

B. Proprioception

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4
Q

_____: Perceived as pain or itch; signals tissue damage or chemical irritation
A. Discriminative Touch
B. Proprioception
C. Nociception
D. Temperature Sense

A

C. Nociception

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5
Q

Pain results from electrical activity transmitted by specific receptors known as _____

A

nociceptors

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6
Q

____ sensations involve fine aspects of touch while ___ sensations involve cruder sensations
A. protopathic; epicritic
B. epicritic; protopathic
C. epicritic; epicritic
D. protopathic; protopathic

A

B. epicritic; protopathic

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7
Q

True or False: Epicritic sensations are mediated by ENCAPSULATED receptors while protopathic sensations are mediated by BARE NERVE ENDINGS

A

True

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8
Q

Which sensations are localizable and discriminative?

Which sensations are poorly localizable and non-discriminiative?

A

Epicritic

Protopathic

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9
Q

_____: Receptors concerned with conscious appreciation of sensations from external stimuli to our body
A. Exteroceptors
B. Proprioceptors
C. Interoreceptors

A

A. Exteroceptors

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10
Q

____: Receptors concerned with info about relative position of our body in space - proprioception and how our body is moving in space
A. Exteroceptors
B. Proprioceptors
C. Interoreceptors

A

B. Proprioceptors

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11
Q

____ proprioception information is relayed to the cerebral cortex

_____ proprioception information is relayed to the cerebellum

A

Conscious proprioception
Unconscious proprioception

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12
Q

True or False: Interoreceptors are concerned with processing visceral information

A

True

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13
Q

What are the two type of superficial mechanoreceptors?
A. Merkel disc / Ruffini Endings
B. Ruffini Endings / Pacinian Corpuscle
C. Meissner’s / Pacinian Corpuscle
D. Merkel Disc / Meissner’s Corpuscle

A

D. Merkel Disc / Meissner’s Corpuscle

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14
Q

What are the two type of deep mechanoreceptors?
A. Merkel disc / Ruffini Endings
B. Ruffini Endings / Pacinian Corpuscle
C. Meissner’s / Pacinian Corpuscle
D. Merkel Disc / Meissner’s Corpuscle

A

B. Ruffini Endings / Pacinian Corpuscle

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15
Q

Which of the following mechanoreceptors signals pressure and shape of object?
A. Meissner’s Corpuscle
B. Merkel Disc
C. Pacinian Corpuscle
D. Ruffini Ending

A

B. Merkel Disc

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16
Q

Which of the following deep mechanoreceptors responds best to vibratory stimuli?
A. Meissner’s Corpuscle
B. Merkel Disc
C. Pacinian Corpuscle
D. Ruffini Ending

A

C. Pacinian Corpuscle

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17
Q

Which of the following is a deep mechanoreceptors that senses lateral movement or stretch of skin, thereby contributing to perception of shape of grasped objects
A. Meissner’s Corpuscle
B. Merkel Disc
C. Pacinian Corpuscle
D. Ruffini Ending

A

D. Ruffini Ending

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18
Q

True or False: Proprioceptors detect changes in position and movement

A

True

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19
Q

Proprioceptors are mediated by which four receptors?

A
  1. Cutaneous mechanoreceptors (Ruffini)
  2. Joint Receptors
  3. Muscle spindles
  4. Golgi tendon organs
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20
Q

True or False: Warm and cold receptors have distinctive receptive fields

A

True

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21
Q

At extreme temperatures, cold and warm receptors are unresponsive, but ____ _____ become active

A

thermal nociceptors

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22
Q

True or False: Thermal Nociceptors are excited by extremes in temperature while Mechanical Nociceptors are activated by intense pressure applied to skin (e.g pinch)

A

True

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23
Q

Both Meissner and Pacinian Corpuscle’s have layered capsule and rapid adaptation. However, the prior uses ____ as a modality while the latter uses ____

A

Touch; Vibration

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24
Q

Which of the following receptors have a thin capsule, slow adaptation, and utilize pressure as a modality?
A. Pacinian Corpuscle
B. Meissner Corpuscle
C. Ruffini Endings
D. Free Nerve Endings
E. Endings Arounds Hairs
F. Free Nerve Ending

A

C. Ruffini Endings

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25
Q

Which two non-encapsulated receptors utilize touch as their modality?
A. Pacinian Corpuscle / Meissner Corpuscle
B. Ruffini Endings / Free Nerve Endings
C. Endings Arounds Hairs / Merkel Endings

A

C. Endings Arounds Hairs (rapid) / Merkel Endings (slow)

26
Q

True or False: Merkel endings, free nerve ending, and endings around hairs are non-encapsulated

27
Q

Which of the following non-encapsulated receptors is involved in pain, temperature, itch, and touch?
A. Endings around hairs
B. Merkel Endings
C. Ruffini Endings
D. Free Nerve Endings

A

D. Free Nerve Endings

28
Q

______: Area of skin that, when stimulated, activates a particular sensory neuron

A

Receptive Fields

29
Q

Which mechanoreceptor has a small receptive field and relays information from discrete areas of the skin?
A. Meissner’s Corpuscle
B. Pacinian Corpuscle
C. Ruffini Endings
D. Free Nerve Endings

A

A. Meissner’s Corpuscle

30
Q

Which mechanoreceptors have large receptive fields and relay information from large areas of skin?
A. Meissner’s Corpuscle
B. Pacinian Corpuscle
C. Ruffini Endings
D. Free Nerve Endings

A

B. Pacinian Corpuscle

31
Q

True or False: Fine Touch sensibility is associated with MANY neurons that have LARGE receptive fields while

Crude Touch sensibility is associated with MANY neurons that have SMALLER receptive fields

A

False -

Fine Touch sensibility is associated with MANY neurons that have SMALL receptive fields

Crude Touch sensibility is associated with FEWER neurons that have LARGER receptive fields

  • Given this, there’s more axons and neurons throughout the CNS for processing of fine touch sensibility
32
Q

____: The precision with which we can locate the site of stimulation

33
Q

How does the size of the receptor fields and the receptor density affect acuity?

A

Larger receptive field = less acuity
Greater density = greater acuity

34
Q

How does overlap of adjacent receptive fields and convergence of neuronal input affect acuity?

A

The greater the overlap of adjacent receptive fields = greater acuity

The greater the convergence = less acuity

35
Q

______: the minimum distance by which two stimuli can be separated and still be perceived as two stimuli

A

Two point discrimination

36
Q

Where can the most precise two point discrimination be found?
A. Skin of finger tips, lips, tongue
B. Skin of arm, trunk, leg

A

A. Skin of finger tips, lips, tongue

  • there’s a high density of sensory receptors with small receptor fields there
37
Q

Where can the LEAST precise two point discrimination be found?
A. Skin of finger tips, lips, tongue
B. Skin of arm, trunk, leg

A

B. Skin of arm, trunk, leg

38
Q

____: Area of the body that a particular spinal cord segment innervates, through its spinal nerves

A

Dermatomes

39
Q

Each dermatome overlaps with __ distinct dermatomes so that a particular spinal cord segment innervates a portion of ___ successive dermatomal areas
A. 3; 2
B. 2; 3
C. 1; 3
D. 2; 4

40
Q

Why does a lesion of a SINGLE spinal nerve or dorsal root of a spinal nerve produce little to no obvious sensory loss?

A

Overlapping pattern of dermatomes

41
Q

How many successive dorsal roots need to be severed (lesioned) in order to observe obvious sensory losses?

42
Q

Which principle states that the larger the diameter of the axon, the faster the conduction velocity?

A

The Size Principle

43
Q

Which three peripheral nerves are HIGHLY myelinated?
A. Ia; Ib; Aa
B. B; Ia; Aa
C. IV C; Ib; Ia

A

A. Ia; Ib; Aa

44
Q

True or False: IV C are non-myelinated receptors

46
Q

AB (II) receptors corresponds to ___ while AB (III) or C (IV) correspond to ____

A

Mechanoreceptors; Thermal receptors

47
Q

Ia or II corresponds to _____

A. Mechanoreceptors
B. Golgi Tendon Organs
C. Nociceptors
D. Muscle spindles

A

D. Muscle spindles

48
Q

Ib corresponds to:
A. Mechanoreceptors
B. Golgi Tendon Organs
C. Nociceptors
D. Muscle spindles

A

B. Golgi Tendon Organs

49
Q

Muscle tension is the stimulus for which receptor? Muscle length is the stimulus for which receptor?

A

Muscle tension = Muscle spindles
Muscle length = Golgi tendon organs

50
Q

Primary somatosensory afferents originate from cell bodies in the ______
A. DRG
B. VRG
C. White Matter
D. Gray Matter

51
Q

Where do primary somatosensory afferents enter the spinal cord through?

A

Dorsal Root Entry Zone (Dorsolateral Sulcus)

52
Q

True or False: The Lateral Dorsal Root Entry Zone is associated with axons with SMALLER diameters while Medial Dorsal Root Entry Zone is associated with axons with LARGER diameters (more heavily myelinated)

53
Q

Which of the following is typically associated with pain, temp, crude touch, and visceral afferents?
A. Lateral Dorsal Root Entry Zone
B. Medial Dorsal Root Entry Zone

A

A. Lateral Dorsal Root Entry Zone

54
Q

Which of the following is associated with transmission of HIGHLY DISCRIMINATIVE forms of touch and proprioception (skeletal muscles and joints)?
A. Lateral Dorsal Root Entry Zone
B. Medial Dorsal Root Entry Zone

A

B. Medial Dorsal Root Entry Zone

55
Q

Which axons tend to decussate in somatosensory pathways?
A. First order
B. Second order
C. Third order

A

B. Second order

56
Q

All of the ascending sensory pathways stop in the ___, except for olfaction
A. Cerebellum
B. Cerebral Cortex
C. Thalamus
D. Hypothalamus

A

C. Thalamus

57
Q

Fibers ascending to the thalamus are usually organized in flat bundles called ____

58
Q

Fibers leaving the thalamus radiate towards the cerebral cortex, passing through the _____ ____, forming thalamic radiations

A

internal capsule

59
Q

Which system serves epicritic sensations (highly localizable, discriminative sensory, touch, proprioception, vibration, 2 point discrimination)?
A. Anterolateral System
B. Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscal System

A

B. Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscal System

60
Q

Which three tracts make up the Anterolateral System?

A
  1. Spinothalamic tract
  2. Spinoreticulothalamic tract
  3. Spinotectal tract
61
Q

True or False: The Anterolateral System carries protopathic and epicritic sensory information

Human Neuroscience (29 decks)

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