Lecture 19: Cerebellum - A

Question 1

Functions of the cerebellum?

Answer 1

1. Equilibrium and coordination of eye movements
2. Maintain muscle tone and posture
3. Coordinate and adjust (mid-course corrections) motor movements
4. Planning and programming voluntary movements
5. Motor learning

Question 2

True or False: The cerebellum is considered to be a component of the motor system and has connections with the motor cortex, as well as receives inputs from regions of cerebral cortex/SC associated w/sensory information

Answer 2

True

Question 3

True or False: The cerebellum functions as the conscious level, with all of the information the the cerebellum processes reaching level of consciousness

Answer 3

False - it functions at unconscious level

Question 4

Each cerebellar hemisphere assists in movement of the ____ 1/2 of the body
A. bilateral
B. contralateral
C. ipsilateral

Answer 4

C. ipsilateral

Question 5

___: The obvious, transversely oriented folds of the cerebellar cortex that greatly increases the SA of the cerebellum

Answer 5

Folia

Question 6

Which two deep fissures run transversely, dividing cerebellum into the three major lobes?

Answer 6

Primary Fissure
Posterolateral Fissure

Question 7

True or False: Lobes are further divide into lobules by other deep, transverse fissures

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Which lobe is located anterior to the primary fissure?

Which lobe is posterior to both the primary and posterolateral fissures?

Which lobe is anterior posterolateral fissure?

A. Anterior Lobe
B. Posterior Lobe
C. Flocculonodular Lobe

Answer 8

A. Anterior Lobe

B. Posterior Lobe

C. Flocculonodular Lobe

Question 9

____: The midline region of the cerebellum

A. Peduncles
B. Vermis
C. Nodulus

Answer 9

Vermis

Question 10

____: Commonly used name to describe well-defined vermis lobule of the flocculonodular lobe

A. Peduncles
B. Vermis
C. Nodulus

Answer 10

C. Nodulus

Question 11

Which cerebellar peduncle contains mostly afferents from the spinal cord and the inferior olive?
A. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
B. Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
C. Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

Answer 11

A. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle (Restiform Body)

Question 12

True or False: The Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle (Restiform Body) contains does efferents - mainly to vesibular nuclei and brainstem reticular formation

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Which cerebellar peduncle contains afferents ONLY from pontocerebellar projections of the contralateral basilar pontine nuclei?
A. Superior Cerebellar Peduncle
B. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
C. Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

Answer 13

C. Middle Cerebellar Peduncle (Brachium pontis)

Question 14

Which cerebellar peduncle contains mostly EFFERENTS from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the thalamus (VL) and red nucleus?
A. Superior Cerebellar Peduncle
B. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
C. Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

Answer 14

A. Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

Question 15

The Superior Cerebellar Peduncle contains some afferents, mostly those from the ____ _____ tract
A. ventral spinocerebellar tract
B. dorsal spinocerebellar tract
C. lateral spinocerebellar tract

Answer 15

A. ventral spinocerebellar tract

Question 16

What are the three layers of the Cerebellar Cortex of the Cerebellum?

Answer 16

1. Molecular Layer
2. Purkinje Cell Layer
3. Granular Cell Layer

Question 17

Which layer of the cerebellar cortex is relatively cell-free, primarily containing 1) Purkinje dendrites, 2) Granule cells axons, and 3) small interneurons?

A. Molecular Layer
B. Purkinje Cell Layer
C. Granular Cell Layer

Answer 17

A. Molecular Layer

Question 18

Which layer of the cerebellar cortex contains ~15 mil Purkinje cell bodies that project to the deep cerebellar nuclei?

A. Molecular Layer
B. Purkinje Cell Layer
C. Granular Cell Layer

Answer 18

B. Purkinje Cell Layer

Question 19

Which cell is the only neuron of the cerebellar cortex to project OUT of the cerebellar cortex?

A. Glial Cell
B. Astrocyte
C. Purkinje Cell

Answer 19

C. Purkinje Cell

Question 20

The granular cells of the Granular Cell Layer of the Cerebellar Cortex function as ____, which excite Purkinje neurons

Answer 20

interneurons

Question 21

The granular fibers of the Granular Cell Layer of the Cerebellar Cortex give rise to parallel fibers which synapse on ___ cell dendrites in the molecular layer of the cortex
A. Purkinje cell
B. Granule cell
C. Astrocyte

Answer 21

A. Purkinje cell

Question 22

True or False: Each Purkinje cell gets synaptic input from many granule cells

Answer 22

True

Question 23

True or False: The cerebellar cortex receives some cerebellar afferents and regulates neurons in the superficial cerebellar nuclei

Answer 23

False - the cerebellar cortex receives ALL cerebellar afferents and regulates neurons in the DEEP cerebellar nuclei

Question 24

Which w major layer of the cerebellum?

Answer 24

1) Cerebral Cortex
2) Medullary Layer

Question 25

The medullary layer of the cerebellum (white matter) contains both cerebellar cortex ___ and ___ fibers, and comprise central core of each folium

Answer 25

efferent; afferent

Question 26

What are the two types of cerebellar cortex afferents found in the medullary layer of the cerebellum?

Answer 26

1. Climbing Fibers 2. Mossy Fibers

Question 27

Climbing Fibers (afferents in the medullary layer) project to and terminate on dendrites of ___ cells A. Granule B. Purkinje

Answer 27

B. Purkinje

Question 28

Mossy Fibers (afferents of the medullary layer) project to and terminate on ___ cells A. Granule B. Purkinje

Answer 28

A. Granule

Question 29

True or False: Climbing Fibers carry "training" information related to movements whereas Mossy Fibers carry "state" information about muscles, internal, and external environment

Answer 29

True

Question 30

True or False: Mossy Fibers have numerous sites of origin, can enter cerebellum through inferior, middle, and superior cerebellar peduncles

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Where do Climbing Fibers enter the cerebellum?

Answer 31

Through the ICP

Question 32

Which two cell types are Cerebellar Cortex Efferents and found in the Medullary Layer?

Answer 32

1. Purkinje neurons 2. Deep cerebellar nuclei

Question 33

Where do Purkinje neurons (cerebellar cortex efferents - medullary layer) project and terminate on? A. Neurons in deep cerebellar nuclei B. Neurons in superficial cerebellar nuclei

Answer 33

A. Neurons in deep cerebellar nuclei

Question 34

The Deep Cerebellar Nuclei (cerebellar cortex efferents--medullary layer) exit the cerebellum via which two locations?

Answer 34

1. Superior cerebellar peduncle Terminate: red nucleus/VL nucleus of thalamus 2. Juxtarestriform body Terminate: Vestibular nuclei + brainstem reticular formation

Question 35

What are the four deep cerebellar nuclei of the Medullary Layer (Cerebellum) that are embedded in the white matter?

Answer 35

1. Fastigial nucleus 2. Globose nucleus 3. Emboliform nucleus 4. Dentate nucleus

Question 36

Which functional division of the Cerebellum is the oldest part and consists primarily of the (1) Flocculonodular Lobe and the (2) Fastigial Nucleus? A. Spinocerebellum B. Vestibulocerebellum C. Pontocerebellum

Answer 36

A. Spinocerebellum

Question 37

What are the two separate subdivisions of the spinocerebellum?

Answer 37

Vermal and Paravermal

Question 38

Which three structures does the spino-cerebellum receive input from?

Answer 38

1. Ipsilateral SC 2. Ipsilateral Trigeminal System 3. Contralateral Primary Motor Cortex

Question 39

True or False: The overall circuitry of the spinocerebellum allows for coordination of motor movements based on current proprioception information

Answer 39

True - Allows for midcourse corrections

Question 40

Spinocerebellar tracts (unconscious proprioception) are associated with _____ Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal (unconscious proprioception) are associated with _____

Answer 40

Ipsilateral Spinal Cord Ipsilateral Trigeminal System

Question 41

The primary motor cortex projects to the ipsilateral pontine nuclei in the basilar pons via the ____ projections

Answer 41

corticopontine projections

Question 42

Pontine nuclei project to the contralateral cerebellar cortex via pontocerebellar projections in the ____ cerebellar penducle A. dorsal B. ventral C. lateral D. middle E. inferior

Answer 42

D. middle

Question 43

True or False: The vermal portion of the spinocerebellum consists of the cortex of the vermis + fastigial nucleus

Answer 43

True

Question 44

The vermis gets proprioceptive info concerned with axial musculature via which tract?

Answer 44

Spinocerebellar tract (DSCT, VSCT)

Question 45

Describe this:

Answer 45

Question 46

Which of the following system regulates accuracy of leg, head, trunk, and eye movements? A. Spinocerebellar B. Cerebrocerebellar C. Pontocerebellar

Answer 46

A. Spinocerebellar - vermal portion

Question 47

Explain this figure:

Answer 47

Question 48

Explain this figure:

Answer 48