Lecture 19: Cerebellum - A Flashcards
Functions of the cerebellum?
- Equilibrium and coordination of eye movements
- Maintain muscle tone and posture
- Coordinate and adjust (mid-course corrections) motor movements
- Planning and programming voluntary movements
- Motor learning
True or False: The cerebellum is considered to be a component of the motor system and has connections with the motor cortex, as well as receives inputs from regions of cerebral cortex/SC associated w/sensory information
True
True or False: The cerebellum functions as the conscious level, with all of the information the the cerebellum processes reaching level of consciousness
False - it functions at unconscious level
Each cerebellar hemisphere assists in movement of the ____ 1/2 of the body
A. bilateral
B. contralateral
C. ipsilateral
C. ipsilateral
___: The obvious, transversely oriented folds of the cerebellar cortex that greatly increases the SA of the cerebellum
Folia
Which two deep fissures run transversely, dividing cerebellum into the three major lobes?
Primary Fissure
Posterolateral Fissure
True or False: Lobes are further divide into lobules by other deep, transverse fissures
True
Which lobe is located anterior to the primary fissure?
Which lobe is posterior to both the primary and posterolateral fissures?
Which lobe is anterior posterolateral fissure?
A. Anterior Lobe
B. Posterior Lobe
C. Flocculonodular Lobe
A. Anterior Lobe
B. Posterior Lobe
C. Flocculonodular Lobe
____: The midline region of the cerebellum
A. Peduncles
B. Vermis
C. Nodulus
Vermis
____: Commonly used name to describe well-defined vermis lobule of the flocculonodular lobe
A. Peduncles
B. Vermis
C. Nodulus
C. Nodulus
Which cerebellar peduncle contains mostly afferents from the spinal cord and the inferior olive?
A. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
B. Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
C. Superior Cerebellar Peduncle
A. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle (Restiform Body)
True or False: The Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle (Restiform Body) contains does efferents - mainly to vesibular nuclei and brainstem reticular formation
True
Which cerebellar peduncle contains afferents ONLY from pontocerebellar projections of the contralateral basilar pontine nuclei?
A. Superior Cerebellar Peduncle
B. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
C. Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
C. Middle Cerebellar Peduncle (Brachium pontis)
Which cerebellar peduncle contains mostly EFFERENTS from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the thalamus (VL) and red nucleus?
A. Superior Cerebellar Peduncle
B. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle
C. Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
A. Superior Cerebellar Peduncle
The Superior Cerebellar Peduncle contains some afferents, mostly those from the ____ _____ tract
A. ventral spinocerebellar tract
B. dorsal spinocerebellar tract
C. lateral spinocerebellar tract
A. ventral spinocerebellar tract
What are the three layers of the Cerebellar Cortex of the Cerebellum?
- Molecular Layer
- Purkinje Cell Layer
- Granular Cell Layer
Which layer of the cerebellar cortex is relatively cell-free, primarily containing 1) Purkinje dendrites, 2) Granule cells axons, and 3) small interneurons?
A. Molecular Layer
B. Purkinje Cell Layer
C. Granular Cell Layer
A. Molecular Layer
Which layer of the cerebellar cortex contains ~15 mil Purkinje cell bodies that project to the deep cerebellar nuclei?
A. Molecular Layer
B. Purkinje Cell Layer
C. Granular Cell Layer
B. Purkinje Cell Layer
Which cell is the only neuron of the cerebellar cortex to project OUT of the cerebellar cortex?
A. Glial Cell
B. Astrocyte
C. Purkinje Cell
C. Purkinje Cell
The granular cells of the Granular Cell Layer of the Cerebellar Cortex function as ____, which excite Purkinje neurons
interneurons
The granular fibers of the Granular Cell Layer of the Cerebellar Cortex give rise to parallel fibers which synapse on ___ cell dendrites in the molecular layer of the cortex
A. Purkinje cell
B. Granule cell
C. Astrocyte
A. Purkinje cell
True or False: Each Purkinje cell gets synaptic input from many granule cells
True
True or False: The cerebellar cortex receives some cerebellar afferents and regulates neurons in the superficial cerebellar nuclei
False - the cerebellar cortex receives ALL cerebellar afferents and regulates neurons in the DEEP cerebellar nuclei
Which w major layer of the cerebellum?
1) Cerebral Cortex
2) Medullary Layer
The medullary layer of the cerebellum (white matter) contains both cerebellar cortex ___ and ___ fibers, and comprise central core of each folium
efferent; afferent
What are the two types of cerebellar cortex afferents found in the medullary layer of the cerebellum?
- Climbing Fibers
- Mossy Fibers
Climbing Fibers (afferents in the medullary layer) project to and terminate on dendrites of ___ cells
A. Granule
B. Purkinje
B. Purkinje
Mossy Fibers (afferents of the medullary layer) project to and terminate on ___ cells
A. Granule
B. Purkinje
A. Granule
True or False: Climbing Fibers carry “training” information related to movements whereas Mossy Fibers carry “state” information about muscles, internal, and external environment
True
True or False: Mossy Fibers have numerous sites of origin, can enter cerebellum through inferior, middle, and superior cerebellar peduncles
True
Where do Climbing Fibers enter the cerebellum?
Through the ICP
Which two cell types are Cerebellar Cortex Efferents and found in the Medullary Layer?
- Purkinje neurons
- Deep cerebellar nuclei
Where do Purkinje neurons (cerebellar cortex efferents - medullary layer) project and terminate on?
A. Neurons in deep cerebellar nuclei
B. Neurons in superficial cerebellar nuclei
A. Neurons in deep cerebellar nuclei
The Deep Cerebellar Nuclei (cerebellar cortex efferents–medullary layer) exit the cerebellum via which two locations?
- Superior cerebellar peduncle
Terminate: red nucleus/VL nucleus of thalamus - Juxtarestriform body
Terminate: Vestibular nuclei + brainstem reticular formation
What are the four deep cerebellar nuclei of the Medullary Layer (Cerebellum) that are embedded in the white matter?
- Fastigial nucleus
- Globose nucleus
- Emboliform nucleus
- Dentate nucleus
Which functional division of the Cerebellum is the oldest part and consists primarily of the (1) Flocculonodular Lobe and the (2) Fastigial Nucleus?
A. Spinocerebellum
B. Vestibulocerebellum
C. Pontocerebellum
A. Spinocerebellum
What are the two separate subdivisions of the spinocerebellum?
Vermal and Paravermal
Which three structures does the spino-cerebellum receive input from?
- Ipsilateral SC
- Ipsilateral Trigeminal System
- Contralateral Primary Motor Cortex
True or False: The overall circuitry of the spinocerebellum allows for coordination of motor movements based on current proprioception information
True
- Allows for midcourse corrections
Spinocerebellar tracts (unconscious proprioception) are associated with _____
Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal (unconscious proprioception) are associated with _____
Ipsilateral Spinal Cord
Ipsilateral Trigeminal System
The primary motor cortex projects to the ipsilateral pontine nuclei in the basilar pons via the ____ projections
corticopontine projections
Pontine nuclei project to the contralateral cerebellar cortex via pontocerebellar projections in the ____ cerebellar penducle
A. dorsal
B. ventral
C. lateral
D. middle
E. inferior
D. middle
True or False: The vermal portion of the spinocerebellum consists of the cortex of the vermis + fastigial nucleus
True
The vermis gets proprioceptive info concerned with axial musculature via which tract?
Spinocerebellar tract (DSCT, VSCT)
Describe this:
Which of the following system regulates accuracy of leg, head, trunk, and eye movements?
A. Spinocerebellar
B. Cerebrocerebellar
C. Pontocerebellar
A. Spinocerebellar - vermal portion
Explain this figure:
Explain this figure:
