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Human Neuroscience > Lecture 7: Neuroanatomy III > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Neuroanatomy III Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: The telencephalon is the MOST INFERIOR part of the cerebrum

A

False - the DIENCEPHALON is the most inferior part of the cerebrum

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2
Q

What is this structure?

A
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3
Q

True or False: The cerebrum is made up of the diencephalon and telencephalon

A
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3
Q

Label this structure

A

The diencephalon

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4
Q

The diencephalon cavity is the ____ ventricle

A

3rd

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5
Q

The ____ is continuous with the midbrain and is the most inferior part of the cerebrum

A

diencephalon

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6
Q

____: Egg shaped nuclear complex; largest component of the diencephalon; functions as a relay center for all sensory information (except olfaction)

____: Located ventral to the thalamus

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

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7
Q

____ _____: separates thalamus from hypothalamus

A

Hypothalamic sulcus

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8
Q

The epithalamus consists on the ___ gland

A

pineal gland

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9
Q

____: located ventral and caudal to the hypothalamus, this nucleus functions in motor systems

A

Subthalamus

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10
Q

The posterior portions of the eye (most notable retina) developed from the _____
A. telencephalon
B. diencephalon
C. encephalon

A

B. diencephalon

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11
Q

The mid-sagittal section of the brain divides the __ ventricle on the midline

A

3rd

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12
Q

The ___ and ___ are just lateral to the 3rd ventricle

A

thalamus; hypothalamus

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13
Q

___ ___: present in 70% of brains. It is an anatomical connection between the two thalami.

A

Massa Intermedia

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14
Q

___ ____: marks the caudal extent of the hypothalamus

A

Mammillary bodies

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15
Q
A
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16
Q
A
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17
Q

Label the ventral view of diencephalon

A
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18
Q
A
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19
Q

The telencephalon is made of the left and right cerebral hemispheres separated (on the surface by the _____ fissure

A

Interhemispheric (longitudinal) fissure

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20
Q

The ____ ___ is a thin sheet of gray matter external to white matter

A

cerebral cortex

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21
Q

True or False: Gray matter appears as a series of continuous folds (gyrus/gyri) and shallow grooves (sulcus/sulci)

A

True

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22
Q

What are the five lobes of the brain?

A
  • Frontal Lobe
  • Parietal Lobe
  • Temporal Lobe
  • Occipital Lobe
  • Limbic Lobe

*Each hemisphere divided into 5
lobes

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23
Q

Label the surfaces of the cerebrum:

A
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24
Q

_____ is superior-most portion of cerebrum
(and CNS!)
A. Telencephalon
B. Diencephalon

A

A. Telencephalon

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25
Q

What are the limits of the frontal lobe boundaries?
- anterior limit
- posterior limit
- inferior limit
- medial limit

A

Anterior Limit: Anterior tip of hemisphere
Posterior Limit: Central Sulcus
Inferior Limit: Lateral Fissure
Medial Limit: Interhemispheric Fissure

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26
Q
A
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27
Q
A
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28
Q

The precentral gyrus is also known as the ____ _____ ____

A

primary motor cortex

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29
Q
A
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30
Q

The olfactory tract and bulb are located in the sulcus between ____ ___ and the ___ ___

A

gyrus rectus; orbital gyri

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31
Q

Parietal Lobe:
- Anterior Limit
- Inferior Limit
- Medial Limit
- Posterior Limit

A
  • Anterior Limit: Central Sulcus
  • Inferior Limit: Lateral Fissure
  • Medial Limit: Interhemispheric Fissure
  • Posterior Limit: Parieto-occipital Sulcus
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32
Q
A
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33
Q

The postcentral gyrus is also known as _____ ___

A

somatosensory cortex

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34
Q

Inferior parietal lobule = ___ + ____

A

supramarginal gyrus + angular gyrus

35
Q
A
36
Q

The Inferior Parietal Lobule has two gyri, which are:
1)
2)

A
  1. Supramarginal Gyrus
  2. Angular Gyrus
37
Q

The ____ fissure is the medial limit of the occipital lobe

A

Interhemispheric Fissure

38
Q

Cerebral cortex on either side of the calcarine sulcus is called the upper and lower ___ of the calcarine sulcus, which are also known as the __________ cortex

A

banks; primary visual cortex

39
Q

Temporal Lobe
- Superior Limit:
- Inferior Limit:
- Posterior Limit:

A
  • Superior Limit: Lateral Fissure
  • Inferior Limit: Ventral surface of the hemisphere
  • Posterior Limit: Parieto-occipital sulcus
40
Q
A
41
Q
A
42
Q

The primary auditory cortex is also known as the _________
A. superior temporal gyri
B. middle temporal gyri
C. transverse temporal gyri

A

C. transverse temporal gyri

43
Q

True or False: Limbic lobe shares parts with other lobes and diencephalon

A

True

44
Q
A
45
Q

The cingulate and parahippocampal gyrus is found in the:
A. Parietal Lobe
B. Frontal Lobe
C. Occipital Lobe
D. Limbic Lobe

A

D. Limbic Lobe

46
Q

In the rostral portion of the parahippocampal gyrus, there is a prominent “bump” called the ___

A

uncus

47
Q

____: is located deep to the parahippocampal gyrus

A

Hippocampus

48
Q

____: large fiber bundle that course in the inferior margin of the septum pellucidum. It carries outputs from the hippocampus to mammillary bodies.

A

Fornix

49
Q
A
50
Q

The insular cortex (insula) is located deep within the ___________
A. septum pellucidum
B. lateral fissure of Sylvuis
C. fornix
D. hippocampus

A

B. lateral fissure of Sylvuis

51
Q

The ____ cortex is also known as the primary gustatory (taste) cortex

A

Insular Cortex (Insula)

52
Q
A
53
Q
A
54
Q

What are the 4 motor cortices?

A

Primary Motor Cortex
Premotor Cortex
Supplementary Motor Area/Cortex
Broca’s Area

55
Q

What are the 4 sensory cortices?

A

Primary somatosensory cortex
Multimodeal somatosensory association cortex
Primary visual cortex
Primary auditory cortex
Wernicke’s Area

56
Q

____ is involved in speech production while ____ is involved in language comprehension

A

Broca’s Area; Wenicke’s Area

57
Q

Internal Gray Matter forms ___ ____

A

Basal Ganglia

58
Q

The basal ganglia contains large masses of gray matter. What are its three parts? Collectively known as?

A

1) Caudate nucleus
2) Putamen
3) Globus pallidus

= Corpus Striatum

59
Q
A
60
Q

What are the three fibers organized by telencephalon white matter?

A
61
Q

The telencephalon contains fibers originating outside of the telencephalon and projecting to the cerebral cortex (____) and fibers that arise from the cerebral cortex and project to lower structures (_____)

two structures (white matter)

A

corticopetal: towards cortex
corticofugal: away rom cortex

62
Q

True or False: All lemnisci project to the thalamus and, from the thalamus, to a specific area of the sensory cortex

A

True

63
Q

The projections from the thalamus ascend through the narrow corridor of white matter, known as the _____
A. centrum semiovale
B. corona radiata
C. internal capsule

A

C. internal capsule

64
Q
A
65
Q

Descending pathways originating from the motor cortices run in the ____ first, then down into the ____, and ____, thus leaving the cerebral cortex and ready to continue down the midbrain (crus cerebri) then pons (basilar) and medulla (pyramids) and to the spinal cord (CST)

A

centrum semiovale; corona radiate; internal capsule

66
Q

What are the three parts of the Internal Capsule?

A
67
Q

___ ___: A commissural fibers that connects
homologous regions of the cortex. It is the largest fiber bundle in the human brain

A

Corpus Callosum

68
Q
A
69
Q

What are the four parts of the corpus callosum? What are their functions?

A

Rostrum: helps form anterior boundary of 3rd ventricle
Genu: connects with the frontal lobes
Body: connects frontal/parietal lobes
Splenium: connects temporal/occipital lobes

70
Q
A
71
Q

____ ___: located anterior to hypothalamus and inferior to rostrum of the corpus callosum; contains fibers connecting temporal lobes and olfactory structures

____ ___: small fiber bundle posterior to the thalamus. Contains fibers that connects parts of the midbrain.

A

Anterior Commisure
Posterior Commisure

72
Q

Provide one example of a association fiber and describe its function

A

Arcuate Fasciculus: connects areas of dominant hemisphere, which are important for speech and language

73
Q

____: fluid filled spaces in the brain that are continuous with each other and the central canals fo the spinal cord, as well as filled with and circulation CSF over CNS

A

ventricles

74
Q
A
75
Q

Lateral ventricles found within each hemisphere and separated by ____ ____

A

septum pellucidum

76
Q
A
77
Q

Third ventricle is surrounded by the
_____

A

diencephalon

78
Q
A
79
Q

4th ventricle is
located between
____ and
_____;
continuous with
_____

A

brainstem; cerebellum; central canal

80
Q
A
81
Q

____ _____: opening that connects each lateral ventricle with the 3rd ventricle

A

Interventricular foramen

82
Q

____: slit-like space on the midline, which separates diencephalon of each cerebral hemisphere

A

3rd ventricle

83
Q

____: small channel within the midbrain that connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle

A

Cerebral Aquaducts

84
Q

_____: A diamond shaped space located on dorsal surface of pons and rostral medulla. Inferior portion tapers caudally, at the obex, and becomes continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord

A

4th ventricle

Human Neuroscience (29 decks)

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