Lecture 7: Neuroanatomy III Flashcards
True or False: The telencephalon is the MOST INFERIOR part of the cerebrum
False - the DIENCEPHALON is the most inferior part of the cerebrum
What is this structure?
True or False: The cerebrum is made up of the diencephalon and telencephalon
Label this structure
The diencephalon
The diencephalon cavity is the ____ ventricle
3rd
The ____ is continuous with the midbrain and is the most inferior part of the cerebrum
diencephalon
____: Egg shaped nuclear complex; largest component of the diencephalon; functions as a relay center for all sensory information (except olfaction)
____: Located ventral to the thalamus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
____ _____: separates thalamus from hypothalamus
Hypothalamic sulcus
The epithalamus consists on the ___ gland
pineal gland
____: located ventral and caudal to the hypothalamus, this nucleus functions in motor systems
Subthalamus
The posterior portions of the eye (most notable retina) developed from the _____
A. telencephalon
B. diencephalon
C. encephalon
B. diencephalon
The mid-sagittal section of the brain divides the __ ventricle on the midline
3rd
The ___ and ___ are just lateral to the 3rd ventricle
thalamus; hypothalamus
___ ___: present in 70% of brains. It is an anatomical connection between the two thalami.
Massa Intermedia
___ ____: marks the caudal extent of the hypothalamus
Mammillary bodies
Label the ventral view of diencephalon
The telencephalon is made of the left and right cerebral hemispheres separated (on the surface by the _____ fissure
Interhemispheric (longitudinal) fissure
The ____ ___ is a thin sheet of gray matter external to white matter
cerebral cortex
True or False: Gray matter appears as a series of continuous folds (gyrus/gyri) and shallow grooves (sulcus/sulci)
True
What are the five lobes of the brain?
- Frontal Lobe
- Parietal Lobe
- Temporal Lobe
- Occipital Lobe
- Limbic Lobe
*Each hemisphere divided into 5
lobes
Label the surfaces of the cerebrum:
_____ is superior-most portion of cerebrum
(and CNS!)
A. Telencephalon
B. Diencephalon
A. Telencephalon
What are the limits of the frontal lobe boundaries?
- anterior limit
- posterior limit
- inferior limit
- medial limit
Anterior Limit: Anterior tip of hemisphere
Posterior Limit: Central Sulcus
Inferior Limit: Lateral Fissure
Medial Limit: Interhemispheric Fissure
The precentral gyrus is also known as the ____ _____ ____
primary motor cortex
The olfactory tract and bulb are located in the sulcus between ____ ___ and the ___ ___
gyrus rectus; orbital gyri
Parietal Lobe:
- Anterior Limit
- Inferior Limit
- Medial Limit
- Posterior Limit
- Anterior Limit: Central Sulcus
- Inferior Limit: Lateral Fissure
- Medial Limit: Interhemispheric Fissure
- Posterior Limit: Parieto-occipital Sulcus
The postcentral gyrus is also known as _____ ___
somatosensory cortex
Inferior parietal lobule = ___ + ____
supramarginal gyrus + angular gyrus
The Inferior Parietal Lobule has two gyri, which are:
1)
2)
- Supramarginal Gyrus
- Angular Gyrus
The ____ fissure is the medial limit of the occipital lobe
Interhemispheric Fissure
Cerebral cortex on either side of the calcarine sulcus is called the upper and lower ___ of the calcarine sulcus, which are also known as the __________ cortex
banks; primary visual cortex
Temporal Lobe
- Superior Limit:
- Inferior Limit:
- Posterior Limit:
- Superior Limit: Lateral Fissure
- Inferior Limit: Ventral surface of the hemisphere
- Posterior Limit: Parieto-occipital sulcus
The primary auditory cortex is also known as the _________
A. superior temporal gyri
B. middle temporal gyri
C. transverse temporal gyri
C. transverse temporal gyri
True or False: Limbic lobe shares parts with other lobes and diencephalon
True
The cingulate and parahippocampal gyrus is found in the:
A. Parietal Lobe
B. Frontal Lobe
C. Occipital Lobe
D. Limbic Lobe
D. Limbic Lobe
In the rostral portion of the parahippocampal gyrus, there is a prominent “bump” called the ___
uncus
____: is located deep to the parahippocampal gyrus
Hippocampus
____: large fiber bundle that course in the inferior margin of the septum pellucidum. It carries outputs from the hippocampus to mammillary bodies.
Fornix
The insular cortex (insula) is located deep within the ___________
A. septum pellucidum
B. lateral fissure of Sylvuis
C. fornix
D. hippocampus
B. lateral fissure of Sylvuis
The ____ cortex is also known as the primary gustatory (taste) cortex
Insular Cortex (Insula)
What are the 4 motor cortices?
Primary Motor Cortex
Premotor Cortex
Supplementary Motor Area/Cortex
Broca’s Area
What are the 4 sensory cortices?
Primary somatosensory cortex
Multimodeal somatosensory association cortex
Primary visual cortex
Primary auditory cortex
Wernicke’s Area
____ is involved in speech production while ____ is involved in language comprehension
Broca’s Area; Wenicke’s Area
Internal Gray Matter forms ___ ____
Basal Ganglia
The basal ganglia contains large masses of gray matter. What are its three parts? Collectively known as?
1) Caudate nucleus
2) Putamen
3) Globus pallidus
= Corpus Striatum
What are the three fibers organized by telencephalon white matter?
The telencephalon contains fibers originating outside of the telencephalon and projecting to the cerebral cortex (____) and fibers that arise from the cerebral cortex and project to lower structures (_____)
two structures (white matter)
corticopetal: towards cortex
corticofugal: away rom cortex
True or False: All lemnisci project to the thalamus and, from the thalamus, to a specific area of the sensory cortex
True
The projections from the thalamus ascend through the narrow corridor of white matter, known as the _____
A. centrum semiovale
B. corona radiata
C. internal capsule
C. internal capsule
Descending pathways originating from the motor cortices run in the ____ first, then down into the ____, and ____, thus leaving the cerebral cortex and ready to continue down the midbrain (crus cerebri) then pons (basilar) and medulla (pyramids) and to the spinal cord (CST)
centrum semiovale; corona radiate; internal capsule
What are the three parts of the Internal Capsule?
___ ___: A commissural fibers that connects
homologous regions of the cortex. It is the largest fiber bundle in the human brain
Corpus Callosum
What are the four parts of the corpus callosum? What are their functions?
Rostrum: helps form anterior boundary of 3rd ventricle
Genu: connects with the frontal lobes
Body: connects frontal/parietal lobes
Splenium: connects temporal/occipital lobes
____ ___: located anterior to hypothalamus and inferior to rostrum of the corpus callosum; contains fibers connecting temporal lobes and olfactory structures
____ ___: small fiber bundle posterior to the thalamus. Contains fibers that connects parts of the midbrain.
Anterior Commisure
Posterior Commisure
Provide one example of a association fiber and describe its function
Arcuate Fasciculus: connects areas of dominant hemisphere, which are important for speech and language
____: fluid filled spaces in the brain that are continuous with each other and the central canals fo the spinal cord, as well as filled with and circulation CSF over CNS
ventricles
Lateral ventricles found within each hemisphere and separated by ____ ____
septum pellucidum
Third ventricle is surrounded by the
_____
diencephalon
4th ventricle is
located between
____ and
_____;
continuous with
_____
brainstem; cerebellum; central canal
____ _____: opening that connects each lateral ventricle with the 3rd ventricle
Interventricular foramen
____: slit-like space on the midline, which separates diencephalon of each cerebral hemisphere
3rd ventricle
____: small channel within the midbrain that connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle
Cerebral Aquaducts
_____: A diamond shaped space located on dorsal surface of pons and rostral medulla. Inferior portion tapers caudally, at the obex, and becomes continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord
4th ventricle
