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Human Neuroscience > Lecture 7: Neuroanatomy III > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Neuroanatomy III Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: The telencephalon is the MOST INFERIOR part of the cerebrum

A

False - the DIENCEPHALON is the most inferior part of the cerebrum

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2
Q

What is this structure?

A
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3
Q

True or False: The cerebrum is made up of the diencephalon and telencephalon

A
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3
Q

Label this structure

A

The diencephalon

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4
Q

The diencephalon cavity is the ____ ventricle

A

3rd

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5
Q

The ____ is continuous with the midbrain and is the most inferior part of the cerebrum

A

diencephalon

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6
Q

____: Egg shaped nuclear complex; largest component of the diencephalon; functions as a relay center for all sensory information (except olfaction)

____: Located ventral to the thalamus

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

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7
Q

____ _____: separates thalamus from hypothalamus

A

Hypothalamic sulcus

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8
Q

The epithalamus consists on the ___ gland

A

pineal gland

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9
Q

____: located ventral and caudal to the hypothalamus, this nucleus functions in motor systems

A

Subthalamus

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10
Q

The posterior portions of the eye (most notable retina) developed from the _____
A. telencephalon
B. diencephalon
C. encephalon

A

B. diencephalon

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11
Q

The mid-sagittal section of the brain divides the __ ventricle on the midline

A

3rd

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12
Q

The ___ and ___ are just lateral to the 3rd ventricle

A

thalamus; hypothalamus

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13
Q

___ ___: present in 70% of brains. It is an anatomical connection between the two thalami.

A

Massa Intermedia

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14
Q

___ ____: marks the caudal extent of the hypothalamus

A

Mammillary bodies

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15
Q
A
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16
Q
A
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17
Q

Label the ventral view of diencephalon

A
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18
Q
A
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19
Q

The telencephalon is made of the left and right cerebral hemispheres separated (on the surface by the _____ fissure

A

Interhemispheric (longitudinal) fissure

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20
Q

The ____ ___ is a thin sheet of gray matter external to white matter

A

cerebral cortex

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21
Q

True or False: Gray matter appears as a series of continuous folds (gyrus/gyri) and shallow grooves (sulcus/sulci)

A

True

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22
Q

What are the five lobes of the brain?

A
  • Frontal Lobe
  • Parietal Lobe
  • Temporal Lobe
  • Occipital Lobe
  • Limbic Lobe

*Each hemisphere divided into 5
lobes

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23
Q

Label the surfaces of the cerebrum:

A
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24
_____ is superior-most portion of cerebrum (and CNS!) A. Telencephalon B. Diencephalon
A. Telencephalon
25
What are the limits of the frontal lobe boundaries? - anterior limit - posterior limit - inferior limit - medial limit
Anterior Limit: Anterior tip of hemisphere Posterior Limit: Central Sulcus Inferior Limit: Lateral Fissure Medial Limit: Interhemispheric Fissure
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The precentral gyrus is also known as the ____ _____ ____
primary motor cortex
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30
The olfactory tract and bulb are located in the sulcus between ____ ___ and the ___ ___
gyrus rectus; orbital gyri
31
Parietal Lobe: - Anterior Limit - Inferior Limit - Medial Limit - Posterior Limit
- Anterior Limit: Central Sulcus - Inferior Limit: Lateral Fissure - Medial Limit: Interhemispheric Fissure - Posterior Limit: Parieto-occipital Sulcus
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The postcentral gyrus is also known as _____ ___
somatosensory cortex
34
Inferior parietal lobule = ___ + ____
supramarginal gyrus + angular gyrus
35
36
The Inferior Parietal Lobule has two gyri, which are: 1) 2)
1. Supramarginal Gyrus 2. Angular Gyrus
37
The ____ fissure is the medial limit of the occipital lobe
Interhemispheric Fissure
38
Cerebral cortex on either side of the calcarine sulcus is called the upper and lower ___ of the calcarine sulcus, which are also known as the __________ cortex
banks; primary visual cortex
39
Temporal Lobe - Superior Limit: - Inferior Limit: - Posterior Limit:
- Superior Limit: Lateral Fissure - Inferior Limit: Ventral surface of the hemisphere - Posterior Limit: Parieto-occipital sulcus
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42
The primary auditory cortex is also known as the _________ A. superior temporal gyri B. middle temporal gyri C. transverse temporal gyri
C. transverse temporal gyri
43
True or False: Limbic lobe shares parts with other lobes and diencephalon
True
44
45
The cingulate and parahippocampal gyrus is found in the: A. Parietal Lobe B. Frontal Lobe C. Occipital Lobe D. Limbic Lobe
D. Limbic Lobe
46
In the rostral portion of the parahippocampal gyrus, there is a prominent "bump" called the ___
uncus
47
____: is located deep to the parahippocampal gyrus
Hippocampus
48
____: large fiber bundle that course in the inferior margin of the septum pellucidum. It carries outputs from the hippocampus to mammillary bodies.
Fornix
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50
The insular cortex (insula) is located deep within the ___________ A. septum pellucidum B. lateral fissure of Sylvuis C. fornix D. hippocampus
B. lateral fissure of Sylvuis
51
The ____ cortex is also known as the primary gustatory (taste) cortex
Insular Cortex (Insula)
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53
54
What are the 4 motor cortices?
Primary Motor Cortex Premotor Cortex Supplementary Motor Area/Cortex Broca's Area
55
What are the 4 sensory cortices?
Primary somatosensory cortex Multimodeal somatosensory association cortex Primary visual cortex Primary auditory cortex Wernicke's Area
56
____ is involved in speech production while ____ is involved in language comprehension
Broca's Area; Wenicke's Area
57
Internal Gray Matter forms ___ ____
Basal Ganglia
58
The basal ganglia contains large masses of gray matter. What are its three parts? Collectively known as?
1) Caudate nucleus 2) Putamen 3) Globus pallidus = Corpus Striatum
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60
What are the three fibers organized by telencephalon white matter?
61
The telencephalon contains fibers originating outside of the telencephalon and projecting to the cerebral cortex (____) and fibers that arise from the cerebral cortex and project to lower structures (_____) two structures (white matter)
corticopetal: towards cortex corticofugal: away rom cortex
62
True or False: All lemnisci project to the thalamus and, from the thalamus, to a specific area of the sensory cortex
True
63
The projections from the thalamus ascend through the narrow corridor of white matter, known as the _____ A. centrum semiovale B. corona radiata C. internal capsule
C. internal capsule
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65
Descending pathways originating from the motor cortices run in the ____ first, then down into the ____, and ____, thus leaving the cerebral cortex and ready to continue down the midbrain (crus cerebri) then pons (basilar) and medulla (pyramids) and to the spinal cord (CST)
centrum semiovale; corona radiate; internal capsule
66
What are the three parts of the Internal Capsule?
67
___ ___: A commissural fibers that connects homologous regions of the cortex. It is the largest fiber bundle in the human brain
Corpus Callosum
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What are the four parts of the corpus callosum? What are their functions?
Rostrum: helps form anterior boundary of 3rd ventricle Genu: connects with the frontal lobes Body: connects frontal/parietal lobes Splenium: connects temporal/occipital lobes
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71
____ ___: located anterior to hypothalamus and inferior to rostrum of the corpus callosum; contains fibers connecting temporal lobes and olfactory structures ____ ___: small fiber bundle posterior to the thalamus. Contains fibers that connects parts of the midbrain.
Anterior Commisure Posterior Commisure
72
Provide one example of a association fiber and describe its function
Arcuate Fasciculus: connects areas of dominant hemisphere, which are important for speech and language
73
____: fluid filled spaces in the brain that are continuous with each other and the central canals fo the spinal cord, as well as filled with and circulation CSF over CNS
ventricles
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Lateral ventricles found within each hemisphere and separated by ____ ____
septum pellucidum
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Third ventricle is surrounded by the _____
diencephalon
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79
4th ventricle is located between ____ and _____; continuous with _____
brainstem; cerebellum; central canal
80
81
____ _____: opening that connects each lateral ventricle with the 3rd ventricle
Interventricular foramen
82
____: slit-like space on the midline, which separates diencephalon of each cerebral hemisphere
3rd ventricle
83
____: small channel within the midbrain that connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle
Cerebral Aquaducts
84
_____: A diamond shaped space located on dorsal surface of pons and rostral medulla. Inferior portion tapers caudally, at the obex, and becomes continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord
4th ventricle

Human Neuroscience (29 decks)

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