Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Neuroscience > L17: Descending Pathways - B > Flashcards

L17: Descending Pathways - B Flashcards

1
Q

Pyramidal cells are examples of ___ whereas motor neurons in the ventral horn are examples of _____

A

UMN; LMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe how the motor system is hierarchically organized:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In both the hierarchical and parallel organization of the motor system, ___ send movement command and ___ inform muscle
A. LMN; UMN
B. UMN; LMN

A

B. UMN; LMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the five descending pathways?

A

1 - Corticospinal
2 - Rubrospinal
3 - Reticulospinal

4 - Tectospinal
5 - Vestibulospinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where do descending/corticofugal pathways ALWAYS originate from?

A

Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If a message goes from cortex to brain stem, as a direct pathway, it is known as ____

If a message goes from cortex to spinal cord, as a direct pathway, it is known as ____

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which of the following descending pathways are part of the Lateral Group?
A. Corticospinal
1. LCST
2. ACST

B. Rubrospinal

C. Reticulospinal
1. LRST
2. MRST

D. Vestibulospinal
E. Tectispinal

A
  1. Lateral corticospinal tract (LCST)
  2. Rubrospinal tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

___ pathways: Involves direct communication between UMN/LMN (motor nuclei of CN and motor neurons in ventral horn)

A

Direct pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

____ pathways: Involves indirect communication to the LMN via intermediate stop in a ___ nucleus in the brain stem. This system receives other contribute from intermediate player (e.g cerebellum)

A

Indirect; proper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which corticofugal pathways are ipsilateral?

A

Corticostriate and Corticorubral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which corticofugal pathways are bilateral?

A

Corticonuclear and corticoreticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which is the ONLY corticofugal pathway that is contralateral?

A

Corticospinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which two pathways make up the pyramidal system?

A
  1. Corticospinal tract
  2. Corticonuclear tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or False: The pyramidal system (corticospinal/nuclear tract) is bisynaptic, slow and interrupted, and responsible for involuntary fine movements

A

False -
1) monosynaptic
2) fast and interrupted
3) voluntary movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

True or False: The CST has pathways that end contralaterally and is responsible for voluntary fine movements

A

True

18
Q

Although the corticospinal fibers originate from multiple cortical areas, which is the major contributor?
A. Somatosensory association (parietal motor area)
B. Primary somatosensory
C. Supplemental motor
D. Premotor
E. Primary motor

A

E. Primary motor

19
Q

Which four brainstem levels do CST fibers course through?

A
  1. Crus cerebri
  2. Basal pons
  3. Pyramid of medulla
  4. Internal capsule
20
Q
A
21
Q
A
22
Q

Where does most of the pyramidal decussation occur?

A

Most decussation occurs at lateral motor systems

23
Q

Which part of the corticospinal tract controls innervation of distal musculature + complications in the area can cause muscle atrophy?

A. LCST
B. ACST

A

A. LCST

24
Q

Which part of the corticospinal tract is located in the lateral funiculus and projects to/terminates in all levels of the ventral spinal cord. It also controls muscles of CONTRALATERAL hand, finger, foot, toes

A. LCST
B. ACST

A

A. LCST

25
Q

Which part of the coticospinal tract is located in the ventral funiculus and activates neurons that innervate contralateral proximal muscles?
A. ACST
B. LCST

A

A. ACST

26
Q

All the fibers of the ACST terminal in the _____, of all spinal levels, and the fibers eventually decussate in _____

A

ventral horn; anterior white commisure

27
Q

True or False: The CST is somatotopically organized

A

True

28
Q

True or False: The corticonuclear tract controls voluntary fine movements, mostly unilateral

A

False - the corticonuclear tract controls voluntary fine movement, mostly BILATERAL

29
Q

The Extrapyramidal System is mainly for ___ movements
A. involuntary
B. voluntary

A

A. involuntary

30
Q

Which three tracts make up the Extrapyramidal System?

A
  1. Rubrospinal Tract
  2. Vestibulospinal Tract
  3. Reticulospinal Tract
31
Q

True or False: The Extrapyramidal System is an indirect (multineuronal) pathway for control, adjustment, and synchronization of movement

A

True

32
Q

Which of the following tracts belonging to the Extrapyramidal System influence flexor muscles?
A. Rubrospinal Tract
B. Vestibulospinal Tract
C. Reticulospinal Tract

A

A. Rubrospinal Tract

33
Q

____ have fibers that arise from red nucleus in midbrain and its fibers decussate in midbrain and course in lateral funiculus
A. Rubrospinal Tract
B. Vestibulospinal Tract
C. Reticulospinal Tract

A

A. Rubrospinal Tract

34
Q

True or False: The rubrospinal tract may partially compensate for loss of CST in primates and ends contralaterally

A

True

35
Q

Which of the following modulates postural adjustments in response to vestibular stimuli and influences EXTENSOR muscles?
A. Rubrospinal Tract
B. Vestibulospinal Tract
C. Reticulospinal Tract

A

B. Vestibulospinal Tract

36
Q

Which tract arises from the reticular formation, and both of its tracts (LRST and MRST) modulate UNVOLUNTARY movements for EXTENSOR muscles?
A. Rubrospinal Tract
B. Vestibulospinal Tract
C. Reticulospinal Tract

A

C. Reticulospinal Tract

37
Q

Which two pathways often exert opposite effect on extensor muscles for postural adjustments?
A. Rubrospinal Tract
B. Vestibulospinal Tract
C. Reticulospinal Tract

A

B. Vestibulospinal Tract
C. Reticulospinal Tract

38
Q

Where does the tectospinal tract originate from?

A

Superior Colliculus

39
Q

Where do the axons of the tectospinal tract decussate?

A

Midbrain tegmentum

40
Q

Where do the fibers of the tectospinal tract terminate?

A

Ventral spinal cord (cervical level only!)

41
Q

Which tract is important for reflex control and coordination of head, neck, and eyes in response to stimuli?

A

Tectospinal Tract

42
Q

True or False: Motor info may also travel through complex + reverberating circuits receiving contribution from other structures (basal ganglia + cerebellum)

A

True

Human Neuroscience (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions