L6: Neuroanatomy II Flashcards
1
Q
Label the midsagittal view of the brainstem:
A
2
Q
Label the general organization of the brain
A
3
Q
Label the lateral view of the medulla:
A
4
Q
Label the dorsal view of the medulla, which is visible beneath the cerebellum:
A
5
Q
Label the three levels of the medulla:
A
6
Q
Label the internal features of the spinomedullary junction (of the medulla):
A
7
Q
Label the internal features of the caudal (closed) medulla:
A
8
Q
Label the internal features of the rostral (open) medulla
A
9
Q
Label this ventral view of the pons:
A
10
Q
Label this dorsal view of the pons:
A
11
Q
Label the levels of the pons
A
12
Q
Label the internal anatomy of the caudal pons
A
13
Q
Label the internal anatomy of the rostral pons:
A
14
Q
Label the dorsal view of the midbrain:
A
15
Q
Label the ventral view of the midbrain:
A
16
Q
A
17
Q
Label the levels of the midbrain:
A
18
Q
Label the internal anatomy of the caudal midbrain
A
19
Q
Label the internal anatomy of the rostral midbrain:
A
20
Q
Neurons of the substantia nigra are ____
A
dopaminergic
21
Q
Label features of the midbrain-diencephalic junctionL
A
22
Q
True or False: Reticular formation
is a diffuse network
of neurons found
throughout all
brainstem sections
A
True
23
Q
The spinal cord is continuous with the medulla at the _____ junction
the medulla is continuous with the pons at the ____ junction
the midbrain is continuous with the diencephalon at the ____ junction
A
spinomedullary junction
pontomedullary junction
midbrain-diencephalic junction
24
Q
Which ventricular cavity is primarily found in the medulla and pons? the midbrain?
A
Midbrain: cerebral aqueduct
Medulla/Pons: 4th ventricle
25
True or False: The appended structure is the most ventral area and is usually occupied by fibers (white matter) connecting the brainstem to other areas of CNS
True
26
In the brainstem, the gray matter is divided into clusters of neurons called the ___
nuclei
27
True or False: Nuclei proper are mostly involved in CNS circuits while nuclei associated with a cranial nerve can be found in CNS/PNS
True
28
The pyramid, located on the ventral surface of the medulla represent _____ tracts
corticospinal tracts
29
The pyramidal decussation is a landmark that occurs at the ___ junction
spinomedullary junction
30
The majority of the fibers in the corticospinal tract decussate at the ___ to enter the contralateral spinal cord
pyramidal decussation
31
The olive represents the ____ ____ complexes
inferior olivary complexes
32
Which is the ONLY cranial nerve to exit the medulla via the preolivary sulcus?
Which THREE cranial nerves exit the medulla via the postolivary sulcus?
Pre-olivary = hypoglossal
Post-olivary = glossop, vagus, SA
33
True or False: The gracile tubercle and the cuneate tubercle mark the site of the nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneate
True
34
___: The junction of the central canal and the 4th ventricle
Obex
35
____ ___: The dorsal surface of the medulla, which forms the floor of the 4th ventricle
Rhomboid Fossa
36
True or False: The medullary tegmentum contains nuclei proper (reticular formation, inferior olivary complex, nucleus gracilis/cuneate) and cranial nerve nuclei
True
37
True or False: The medulla is a sub axial structure
False - it is an axial structure
38
True or False: The ascending tracts that originate from the spinal cord gray matter and from sensory neurons ass/with DRG (fasciculus gracilis/cuneatus) continue into medulla
True
39
Which descending tract that originates in the cerebral cortex traverse the medulla en route to the spinal cord?
A. coritcospinal tract
B. rubrospinal tract
C. tectospinal tract
D. reticulospinal tract
E. vestibulospinal tract
A. coritcospinal tract
40
Which descending tracts that originates in the midbrain traverse the medulla en route to the spinal cord?
A. coritcospinal tract
B. rubrospinal tract
C. tectospinal tract
D. reticulospinal tract
E. vestibulospinal tract
B. rubrospinal tract
C. tectospinal tract
41
Which descending tracts that originate in the pons traverses the medulla en route to the spinal cord?
A. coritcospinal tract
B. rubrospinal tract
C. tectospinal tract
D. reticulospinal tract
E. vestibulospinal tract
D. reticulospinal tract
E. vestibulospinal tract
42
The corticospinal tract traverses the medulla ventrally to form the features of the ____
pyramids
43
Decussation of pyramids is seen at:
A. Rostral Medulla
B. Spinomedullary junction
C. Caudal Medulla
B. Spinomedullary junction
44
The majority of the fibers in the pyramids will decussate at the decussation of the pyramids to become the _____ _____ tracts in the lateral funiculi
lateral corticospinal tracts
45
True or False: The spinal trigeminal nucleus and spinal trigeminal tract are found in the caudal medulla
False - in the spinomedullary junction
46
Substantia gelatinosa is akin to the ____ while Lissauer's tract is akin to ____
STN (spinal trigeminal nucleus); STT (spinal trigeminal tract)
47
In the spinomedullary junction, the fasciculus cuneatus and gracilis will terminate in the ____ _____
nucleus cuneatus/gracilis
48
The fibers comprised in the ALS at the level of the spinal cord (ie STT) continue through the brainstem and are grouped under the name _______(SL)
spinal lemniscus
49
The caudal medulla is caudal to the ___ and is closed because it is not yet open to the ____
obex; central canal
50
In the caudal medulla, the core of the tegmentum is occupied by 1) reticular formation and the ____
Internal arcuate fibers
51
The internal arcuate fibers arise frm neurons in the nucleus ___ and ____
nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus
52
he internal arcuate fibers course in the ventrmedial direction, through the medullary tegmentum, and cross the midline to form the contralateral ______ ______
medial lemniscus
53
True or False: the rostral medulla, the reticular formation occupies the central core of the tegmentum
True
54
Which of the following cranial nerves enters the pons at the pontocerebellar angle?
A. VC n.
B. Facial n.
C. Abducens n.
D. Trigeminal n.
A. VC n.
55
Which structure in the pons carries the basilar artery?
Basilar pons
56
Which of the following cranial nerves enters/exits the pons just medial to the vestibulocochlear nerve?
A. VC n.
B. Facial n.
C. Abducens n.
D. Trigeminal n.
B. Facial n.
57
Which cranial nerves EXITS the pons at the pontomedullary junction?
A. VC n.
B. Facial n.
C. Abducens n.
D. Trigeminal n.
C. Abducens n.
58
Which cranial nerve enters/exits the pons via the middle cerebellar peduncle?
A. VC n.
B. Facial n.
C. Abducens n.
D. Trigeminal n.
D. Trigeminal n.
59
The most dorsal aspect of the pons (_____) defines the floor of the 4th ventricle
the tectum
60
The fibers of the facial nerve are prominent in the ___ pons
caudal
61
The basilar pons, which occupied the most ventral aspect of the pons, contains some proper nuclei of the pons (_____nuclei)
pontine nuclei
62
The major ascending pathways seen in the medulla continue into the pons. These include the ____ and ___ lemniscus.
medial / spinal lemniscus
63
As part of the descending pathways, the pons is traversed by tracts originating from the cortex and directed to the brainstem/spinal cord. The most important are the ____ tract
corticospinal tract
64
In the caudal pons, there is a basilar pons region. In this region there are corticospinal fibers, transverse pontine fibers (pontocerebellar) that course laterally and end up forming the ______
middle cerebellar peduncle
65
True or False: In the tranverse fibers of the basilar pons (of the caudal pons), some of the pontine nuclei can be detected
True
66
True or False: Medial, spinal, and lateral lemnisci are present in the caudal pons
True
67
At the ___ pons, the 4th ventricle is surrounded by periventricular gray, which will become the ___ in the midbrain
rostral; periaquaductal gray
68
In the rostral pons, the reticular formation is found within the mesenphalic _____
tegmentum
69
True or False: The crus cerebri is a distinct feature of the midbrain
True
70
Which cranial nerve exists the midbrain via: the interpeduncular fossa?
Oculomotor Nerve
71
In the midbrain, the tectum contains two sets of protrusions known as the ____ and ____
superior colliculi and inferior colliculi
72
Which cranial nerve exits the midbrain on its dorsal surface?
A. Trigmenial
B. Oculomotor
C. Trocholear
D. GP
C. Trocholear nerve
73
True or False: The corpora quadrigemina consists of the paired inferior and superior colliculi
True
74
____: A pale-staining region of gray matter that encircles the cerebral aquaduct
Periaqueductal gray
75
True or False: Red nuclei, substantia nigra, and reticular formation are important nuclei proper found in the medulla
False - midbrain!
76
The most ventral aspect of the midbrain is the ___ or the ___, which are occupied by the descending corticospinal tract
crus cerebri; cerebral peduncles
77
True or False: The caudal midbrain is at the level of the inferior colliculi
True
78
True or False: In the caudal midbrain, lateral lemnisci surround the colliculi
True
79
True or False: The rostral midbrain is at the level of the superior colliculi
True
80
In the rostral midbrain, the central aspect of the tegmentum is occupied by the _____ peduncles, which, at this level, are course by fibers of the ___ nerve
superior cerebellar peduncles; oculomotor nerve
81
True or False: At the level of the rostral midbrain, there is the substantia nigra, which is an important nucleus proper for the midbrain
True
82
What structure is new at the mesencephalic-diencephalic junction?
Red nucleus
