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Human Neuroscience > L6: Neuroanatomy II > Flashcards

L6: Neuroanatomy II Flashcards

1
Q

Label the midsagittal view of the brainstem:

A
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2
Q

Label the general organization of the brain

A
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3
Q

Label the lateral view of the medulla:

A
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4
Q

Label the dorsal view of the medulla, which is visible beneath the cerebellum:

A
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5
Q

Label the three levels of the medulla:

A
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6
Q

Label the internal features of the spinomedullary junction (of the medulla):

A
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7
Q

Label the internal features of the caudal (closed) medulla:

A
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8
Q

Label the internal features of the rostral (open) medulla

A
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9
Q

Label this ventral view of the pons:

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10
Q

Label this dorsal view of the pons:

A
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11
Q

Label the levels of the pons

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12
Q

Label the internal anatomy of the caudal pons

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13
Q

Label the internal anatomy of the rostral pons:

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14
Q

Label the dorsal view of the midbrain:

A
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15
Q

Label the ventral view of the midbrain:

A
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16
Q
A
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17
Q

Label the levels of the midbrain:

A
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18
Q

Label the internal anatomy of the caudal midbrain

A
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19
Q

Label the internal anatomy of the rostral midbrain:

A
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20
Q

Neurons of the substantia nigra are ____

A

dopaminergic

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21
Q

Label features of the midbrain-diencephalic junctionL

A
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22
Q

True or False: Reticular formation
is a diffuse network
of neurons found
throughout all
brainstem sections

A

True

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23
Q

The spinal cord is continuous with the medulla at the _____ junction

the medulla is continuous with the pons at the ____ junction

the midbrain is continuous with the diencephalon at the ____ junction

A

spinomedullary junction
pontomedullary junction
midbrain-diencephalic junction

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24
Q

Which ventricular cavity is primarily found in the medulla and pons? the midbrain?

A

Midbrain: cerebral aqueduct
Medulla/Pons: 4th ventricle

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25
Q

True or False: The appended structure is the most ventral area and is usually occupied by fibers (white matter) connecting the brainstem to other areas of CNS

A

True

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26
Q

In the brainstem, the gray matter is divided into clusters of neurons called the ___

A

nuclei

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27
Q

True or False: Nuclei proper are mostly involved in CNS circuits while nuclei associated with a cranial nerve can be found in CNS/PNS

A

True

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28
Q

The pyramid, located on the ventral surface of the medulla represent _____ tracts

A

corticospinal tracts

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29
Q

The pyramidal decussation is a landmark that occurs at the ___ junction

A

spinomedullary junction

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30
Q

The majority of the fibers in the corticospinal tract decussate at the ___ to enter the contralateral spinal cord

A

pyramidal decussation

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31
Q

The olive represents the ____ ____ complexes

A

inferior olivary complexes

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32
Q

Which is the ONLY cranial nerve to exit the medulla via the preolivary sulcus?

Which THREE cranial nerves exit the medulla via the postolivary sulcus?

A

Pre-olivary = hypoglossal
Post-olivary = glossop, vagus, SA

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33
Q

True or False: The gracile tubercle and the cuneate tubercle mark the site of the nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneate

A

True

34
Q

___: The junction of the central canal and the 4th ventricle

A

Obex

35
Q

____ ___: The dorsal surface of the medulla, which forms the floor of the 4th ventricle

A

Rhomboid Fossa

36
Q

True or False: The medullary tegmentum contains nuclei proper (reticular formation, inferior olivary complex, nucleus gracilis/cuneate) and cranial nerve nuclei

A

True

37
Q

True or False: The medulla is a sub axial structure

A

False - it is an axial structure

38
Q

True or False: The ascending tracts that originate from the spinal cord gray matter and from sensory neurons ass/with DRG (fasciculus gracilis/cuneatus) continue into medulla

A

True

39
Q

Which descending tract that originates in the cerebral cortex traverse the medulla en route to the spinal cord?
A. coritcospinal tract
B. rubrospinal tract
C. tectospinal tract
D. reticulospinal tract
E. vestibulospinal tract

A

A. coritcospinal tract

40
Q

Which descending tracts that originates in the midbrain traverse the medulla en route to the spinal cord?
A. coritcospinal tract
B. rubrospinal tract
C. tectospinal tract
D. reticulospinal tract
E. vestibulospinal tract

A

B. rubrospinal tract
C. tectospinal tract

41
Q

Which descending tracts that originate in the pons traverses the medulla en route to the spinal cord?
A. coritcospinal tract
B. rubrospinal tract
C. tectospinal tract
D. reticulospinal tract
E. vestibulospinal tract

A

D. reticulospinal tract
E. vestibulospinal tract

42
Q

The corticospinal tract traverses the medulla ventrally to form the features of the ____

A

pyramids

43
Q

Decussation of pyramids is seen at:
A. Rostral Medulla
B. Spinomedullary junction
C. Caudal Medulla

A

B. Spinomedullary junction

44
Q

The majority of the fibers in the pyramids will decussate at the decussation of the pyramids to become the _____ _____ tracts in the lateral funiculi

A

lateral corticospinal tracts

45
Q

True or False: The spinal trigeminal nucleus and spinal trigeminal tract are found in the caudal medulla

A

False - in the spinomedullary junction

46
Q

Substantia gelatinosa is akin to the ____ while Lissauer’s tract is akin to ____

A

STN (spinal trigeminal nucleus); STT (spinal trigeminal tract)

47
Q

In the spinomedullary junction, the fasciculus cuneatus and gracilis will terminate in the ____ _____

A

nucleus cuneatus/gracilis

48
Q

The fibers comprised in the ALS at the level of the spinal cord (ie STT) continue through the brainstem and are grouped under the name _______(SL)

A

spinal lemniscus

49
Q

The caudal medulla is caudal to the ___ and is closed because it is not yet open to the ____

A

obex; central canal

50
Q

In the caudal medulla, the core of the tegmentum is occupied by 1) reticular formation and the ____

A

Internal arcuate fibers

51
Q

The internal arcuate fibers arise frm neurons in the nucleus ___ and ____

A

nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus

52
Q

he internal arcuate fibers course in the ventrmedial direction, through the medullary tegmentum, and cross the midline to form the contralateral ______ ______

A

medial lemniscus

53
Q

True or False: the rostral medulla, the reticular formation occupies the central core of the tegmentum

A

True

54
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves enters the pons at the pontocerebellar angle?
A. VC n.
B. Facial n.
C. Abducens n.
D. Trigeminal n.

A

A. VC n.

55
Q

Which structure in the pons carries the basilar artery?

A

Basilar pons

56
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves enters/exits the pons just medial to the vestibulocochlear nerve?
A. VC n.
B. Facial n.
C. Abducens n.
D. Trigeminal n.

A

B. Facial n.

57
Q

Which cranial nerves EXITS the pons at the pontomedullary junction?
A. VC n.
B. Facial n.
C. Abducens n.
D. Trigeminal n.

A

C. Abducens n.

58
Q

Which cranial nerve enters/exits the pons via the middle cerebellar peduncle?
A. VC n.
B. Facial n.
C. Abducens n.
D. Trigeminal n.

A

D. Trigeminal n.

59
Q

The most dorsal aspect of the pons (_____) defines the floor of the 4th ventricle

A

the tectum

60
Q

The fibers of the facial nerve are prominent in the ___ pons

A

caudal

61
Q

The basilar pons, which occupied the most ventral aspect of the pons, contains some proper nuclei of the pons (_____nuclei)

A

pontine nuclei

62
Q

The major ascending pathways seen in the medulla continue into the pons. These include the ____ and ___ lemniscus.

A

medial / spinal lemniscus

63
Q

As part of the descending pathways, the pons is traversed by tracts originating from the cortex and directed to the brainstem/spinal cord. The most important are the ____ tract

A

corticospinal tract

64
Q

In the caudal pons, there is a basilar pons region. In this region there are corticospinal fibers, transverse pontine fibers (pontocerebellar) that course laterally and end up forming the ______

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

65
Q

True or False: In the tranverse fibers of the basilar pons (of the caudal pons), some of the pontine nuclei can be detected

A

True

66
Q

True or False: Medial, spinal, and lateral lemnisci are present in the caudal pons

A

True

67
Q

At the ___ pons, the 4th ventricle is surrounded by periventricular gray, which will become the ___ in the midbrain

A

rostral; periaquaductal gray

68
Q

In the rostral pons, the reticular formation is found within the mesenphalic _____

A

tegmentum

69
Q

True or False: The crus cerebri is a distinct feature of the midbrain

A

True

70
Q

Which cranial nerve exists the midbrain via: the interpeduncular fossa?

A

Oculomotor Nerve

71
Q

In the midbrain, the tectum contains two sets of protrusions known as the ____ and ____

A

superior colliculi and inferior colliculi

72
Q

Which cranial nerve exits the midbrain on its dorsal surface?
A. Trigmenial
B. Oculomotor
C. Trocholear
D. GP

A

C. Trocholear nerve

73
Q

True or False: The corpora quadrigemina consists of the paired inferior and superior colliculi

A

True

74
Q

____: A pale-staining region of gray matter that encircles the cerebral aquaduct

A

Periaqueductal gray

75
Q

True or False: Red nuclei, substantia nigra, and reticular formation are important nuclei proper found in the medulla

A

False - midbrain!

76
Q

The most ventral aspect of the midbrain is the ___ or the ___, which are occupied by the descending corticospinal tract

A

crus cerebri; cerebral peduncles

77
Q

True or False: The caudal midbrain is at the level of the inferior colliculi

A

True

78
Q

True or False: In the caudal midbrain, lateral lemnisci surround the colliculi

A

True

79
Q

True or False: The rostral midbrain is at the level of the superior colliculi

A

True

80
Q

In the rostral midbrain, the central aspect of the tegmentum is occupied by the _____ peduncles, which, at this level, are course by fibers of the ___ nerve

A

superior cerebellar peduncles; oculomotor nerve

81
Q

True or False: At the level of the rostral midbrain, there is the substantia nigra, which is an important nucleus proper for the midbrain

A

True

82
Q

What structure is new at the mesencephalic-diencephalic junction?

A

Red nucleus

Human Neuroscience (29 decks)

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