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Human Neuroscience > L5: Neuronanatomy I > Flashcards

L5: Neuronanatomy I Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: Autonomic NS detects stimuli within while Somatic NS controls skeletal muscle

A

True

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2
Q

The telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres) and diencephalon (thalamus) make up the _____
A. Brainstem
B. Cerebellum
C. Cerebrum

A

C. Cerebrum

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3
Q

The cerebral cortex, white matter, and basal ganglia make up the
A. Diencephalon
B. Cerebrum
C. Brainstem
D. Telencephalon

A

D. Telencephalon

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4
Q

Which three components make up the supra-axial region?

A

Cerebellum, Diencephalon, and Telencephalon

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5
Q

True or False: The axial region of the spine is made of: spinal cord and brainstem and it functions to receive/transmit info to periphery via nerves

A

True

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6
Q

Nuclei are cell bodies found in the ___ while ganglia are cell bodies found in the ___

A

CNS; PNS

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7
Q

True or False: The spinal cord is a continuation of medulla and links the CNS and PNS

A

True

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8
Q

True or False: There are 31 spinal nerves and 31 segments of the spinal cord

A

True

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9
Q

The spinal cord receives which two input?
A. Mechanosensory
B. Somatosensory
C. Viscerosensory
D. Vestibulosensory

A

B. Somatosensory / C. Viscerosensory

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10
Q

True or False: There are enlargements in the Cervical and Lumbosacral Region

A

True

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11
Q

The spinal cord contains motor neurons, which innervate ___ and __ muscle

A

skeletal and smooth

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12
Q

The spinal cord contains both ascending and descending fiber tracts for communication between PNS and CNS. The ascending tracts typically carry ___ info while the descending tracts typically contain ____

A

sensory; motor

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13
Q

Label the following:

A
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14
Q

Label the following:

A
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15
Q

What is the function of ascending and descending fiber tracts?

A

PNS and CNS communication

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16
Q

Which of the following structures is where the anterior spinal artery enters?
A. Ventromedian Fissure
B. Ventrolateral Sulci
C. Dorsomedian Sulcus
D. Dorsolateral Sulci
E. Dorsointermediate Sulci

A

A. Ventromedian Fissure

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17
Q

The ventral roots (motor nerve) exit at which structure:
A. Ventrolateral Sulci
B. Dorsolateral Sulci
C. Dorsomedian Sulcus
D. Ventromedian Fissure
E. Dorsointermediate Sulci

A

A. Ventrolateral Sulci

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18
Q

True or False: The Dorsolateral Sulci separates the left and right spinal cord

A

False - the Dorsomedian Sulcus does this

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19
Q

____ is where the sensory roots enter into the dorsal horn
A. Ventrolateral Sulci
B. Dorsolateral Sulci
C. Dorsomedian Sulcus
D. Ventromedian Fissure
E. Dorsointermediate Sulci

A

B. Dorsolateral Sulci

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20
Q

The Dorsointermediate Sulci is only present from the spinal cord in __ to __

A

C1 to T6

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21
Q

Which two white matter tracts are separated by the Dorsointermediate Sulci?

A

Fasciculus gracilis
Fasciculus cuneatus

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22
Q

What are the three zones of the neural tube?

A

Ventricular
Intermediate
Marginal

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23
Q

Which zone of the neural tube becomes the alar and basal plate
A. Ventricular Zone
B. Intermediate Zone
C. Marginal Zone

A

B. Intermediate Zone

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24
Q

True or False: The Marginal Zone of the neural tube contributes to alar/basal plates, but eventually disappears

A

False - the ventricular zone does that

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25
Q

___ Zone is invaded by axons from ventricular zone and by developing brain stem
A. Ventricular Zone
B. Intermediate Zone
C. Marginal Zone

A

C. Marginal Zone

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26
Q

___ Plate contains dorsal horns (cell bodies of sensory neurons)

A

Alar Plate

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27
Q

____ Plate contains ventral horns (cell bodies of motor neurons)

A

Basal Plate

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28
Q

Which structure separates the alar and basal plates?

A

Sulcus Limitans

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29
Q

True or False: The Dorsal and Ventral Horns make up the Gray Matter

A

True

30
Q

____Horns: receive input from DRG; send axons rostrally

_____ Horns: become ventral roots of spinal nerves

A

Dorsal Horns (sensory)
Ventral Horns (motor)

31
Q

The Dorsal Horn contain laminae __

The Ventral Horn contains laminae ___

The Intermediate Zone contains lamina __ and Area _

A

Dorsal = I-VI

Ventral = VIII-IX

IZ = 7; Area X

32
Q

Laminae II (dorsal horn laminae) is known as _______ and is important for _____

A. dorsal funiculus; proprioception
B. nucleus of clark; nociception
C. nucleus proprius; proprioception
D. substantia gelatinosa; nociception

A

D. substantia gelatinosa; nociception

33
Q

Laminae III-IV (dorsal horn laminae) is known as _____ and is important for _____

A. nucleus proprius; c/l pain modulation (gate control) and temp
B. nucleus of clark; proprioception
C. nucleus proprius; unilateral pain (gate control) and temp
D. substantia gelatinosa; nociception

A

A. nucleus proprius; c/l pain modulation (gate control) and temp

34
Q

True or False: The Nucleus Proprius (Laminae 3 and 4) projects out of spinothalamic tract and receives information from laminae 2

A

True

35
Q

Which of the following corresponds with Intermediate Zone?
A. Lamina V
B. Lamina VI
C. Lamina VII
D. Lamina VIII

A

C. Lamina VII

36
Q

True or False: The Intermediate Zone is composed of: Nucleus of Clarke and the Lateral Horn

A

True

37
Q

Nucleus of Clarke is made up of:
A. C1-L5
B. C8-L3
C. C7-T1
D. C3-T4

A

B. C8-L3

38
Q

The Nucleus of Clarke is found in the ______ tract and is important for ______
A. cerebrocerebellar; nociception
B. spinocerebellar; proprioception

A

B. spinocerebellar; proprioception

39
Q

The Lateral Horn has a…

Thoracic and Lumbar Region - pre-ganglionic ____

Sacral Region - pre-ganglionic ____

A

sympathetics; parasympathetics

40
Q

The Ventral Horn Laminae corresponds to:
A. Lamina VIII
B. Lamina IX
C. Lamina X

A

B. Lamina IX

41
Q

Lamina IX (Ventral Horn Laminae) contains a large ___ subunit and small ____ subunit
a. alpha, gamma
b. gamma, alpha
c. beta, gamma

A

a. alpha, gamma

42
Q

True or False: The large alpha subunit of lamina IX contains: general somatic efferent (GSE) and innervates skeletal m.

The small gamma subunit of lamina IX contains: muscle spindles

A

True

43
Q

True or False: Ventral Horn Laminae (Laminae IX) has somatotopic organization

A

True

44
Q

In the Ventral Horn Laminae (Lamina IX), proximal muscles are ___ while
distal muscles are ___

A

medial; lateral

45
Q

In the Ventral Horn Laminae, the flexors (____) and extensors (___) are separated

A

Flexor = dorsal
Extensor = ventral

46
Q

White matter funiculi divided into sections by the ___ and ___ roots

A

dorsal; ventral

47
Q

The White Matter (Funiculi) contains
1.Dorsal funiculus: only ____ tracts
2. Lateral funiculus: mixed ___ &
____ tracts
3) Ventral funiculus: mostly ___ tracts

A
  1. ascending
  2. ascending; descending
  3. descending
48
Q

Fasciculus proprius surrounds the ___ matter; contains axons that communicate between segments of SC
A. white matter
B. gray matter

A

B. gray matter

49
Q

True or False: The Dorsal Funiculus (Dorsal Columns) contains proprioceptive, touch, &
vibratory info sent to medulla;
ipsilateral

A

True

50
Q

Which of the following contains the gracile fasciculus and the cuneate fasciculus?
A. Dorsal funiculus
B. Lateral funiculus
C. Ventral funiculus

A

A. Dorsal funiculus

51
Q

___ fasciculus contains fibers from
sacral, lumber, & lower thoracics

A. Gracile fasciculus
B. Cuneate fasciculus

A

A. Gracile fasciculus

52
Q

____ fasciculus – only
present above T6; fibers from
upper thoracics & cervicals

A. Gracile fasciculus
B. Cuneate fasciculus

A

B. Cuneate fasciculus

53
Q

The Lateral Funiculus (Ascending) contains which three tracts/system?

A
  1. Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract
  2. Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract
  3. Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) System
54
Q

True or False: Both the Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract and Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract (of the lateral funiculus - ascending) influence motor, coordination, and posture

A

True

55
Q

Where does the Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract originate?
A. Nucleus of Clark (T1-L2)
B. Fasciculus proprius
C. Lateral funiculus
D. Cuneate fasciculus
E. Lumbosacral levels

A

A. Nucleus of Clark (T1-L2)

56
Q

True or False: Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract is contralateral

A

False - it is ipsilateral

57
Q

Where does the Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract originate?
A. Nucleus of Clark (T1-L2)
B. Fasciculus proprius
C. Lateral funiculus
D. Cuneate fasciculus
E. Lumbosacral levels

A

E. Lumbosacral levels

  • Ventral spinocerebellar tract decussates in: spinal cord
58
Q

True or False:
- The Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) System of Lateral Funiculus (Ascending)
- The Ventral Horn Laminae
- The Lateral Corticospinal Tract

is somatotopic

A

True

59
Q

True or False: The Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) System is important for: pain, thermal, course touch, and pressure

A

True

60
Q

Where does the Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) System decussate?
A. ventral commissure
B. dorsal commisure
C. posterior commisure
D. anterior commisure

A

A. ventral commissure

61
Q

The Lateral Funiculus (Descending) contains the ____ Tract and ___ Tract

A
  • Lateral Corticospinal Tract
  • Rubrospinal Tract
62
Q

Which of the following tracts of the lateral funiculus (descending):
- Arises from red nucleus
- Decussate ABOVE spinal cord
- Generally excites flexors and inhibits extensors
A. Rubrospinal Tract
B. Lateral Corticospinal Tract

A

A. Rubrospinal Tract

63
Q

Which of the following tracts of the lateral funiculus (descending):
- Controls voluntary, skilled, fine movements
- Decussates BEFORE entering spinal cord
- Origin: cerebral cortex
- Contralateral
- Somatotopic
A. Rubrospinal Tract
B. Lateral Corticospinal Tract

A

B. Lateral Corticospinal Tract

64
Q

Which four tracts make up the Ventral Funiculus?

A
  • Reticulospinal Tract
  • Ventral Corticospinal Tract
  • Tectospinal Tract
  • Vestibulospinal Tract
65
Q

Which of the following tracts that make up the Ventral Funiculus are
ipsilateral, descending pathways?
A. Reticulospinal Tract
B. Ventral Corticospinal Tract
C. Tectospinal Tract
D. Vestibulospinal Tract

A

D. Vestibulospinal Tract/A. Reticulospinal Tract

66
Q

Which of the following tracts that make up the Ventral Funiculus are:
-affect reflexes, voluntary movement, muscle tone
-affects breathing and circulatory system
A. Reticulospinal Tract
B. Ventral Corticospinal Tract
C. Tectospinal Tract
D. Vestibulospinal Tract

A

A. Reticulospinal Tract

67
Q

True or False: Ventral Corticospinal Tract is
ipsilateral

A

True

68
Q

Which of the following tracts that make up the Ventral Funiculus:
-Decussate above spinal cord
-is a descending tract from superior colliculus
- has reflexes in response to visual stimuli
A. Reticulospinal Tract
B. Ventral Corticospinal Tract
C. Tectospinal Tract
D. Vestibulospinal Tract

A

Tectospinal Tract

69
Q

The Vestibulospinal Tract, which is one of four tracts of the Ventral Funiculus, has a medial and lateral portion.

___ portion: innervate muscles that support heat, coordinates head/eye movement

____ portion: innervates extensor muscles of lower limb and back; maintains posture

A

Medial
Lateral

70
Q

___ ___ is a continuation of ventricular system in brain, contains CSF, and communicates with 4th ventricle

A

Central Canal

Human Neuroscience (29 decks)

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