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Human Neuroscience > L5: Neuronanatomy I > Flashcards

L5: Neuronanatomy I Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: Autonomic NS detects stimuli within while Somatic NS controls skeletal muscle

A

True

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2
Q

The telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres) and diencephalon (thalamus) make up the _____
A. Brainstem
B. Cerebellum
C. Cerebrum

A

C. Cerebrum

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3
Q

The cerebral cortex, white matter, and basal ganglia make up the
A. Diencephalon
B. Cerebrum
C. Brainstem
D. Telencephalon

A

D. Telencephalon

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4
Q

Which three components make up the supra-axial region?

A

Cerebellum, Diencephalon, and Telencephalon

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5
Q

True or False: The axial region of the spine is made of: spinal cord and brainstem and it functions to receive/transmit info to periphery via nerves

A

True

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6
Q

Nuclei are cell bodies found in the ___ while ganglia are cell bodies found in the ___

A

CNS; PNS

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7
Q

True or False: The spinal cord is a continuation of medulla and links the CNS and PNS

A

True

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8
Q

True or False: There are 31 spinal nerves and 31 segments of the spinal cord

A

True

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9
Q

The spinal cord receives which two input?
A. Mechanosensory
B. Somatosensory
C. Viscerosensory
D. Vestibulosensory

A

B. Somatosensory / C. Viscerosensory

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10
Q

True or False: There are enlargements in the Cervical and Lumbosacral Region

A

True

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11
Q

The spinal cord contains motor neurons, which innervate ___ and __ muscle

A

skeletal and smooth

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12
Q

The spinal cord contains both ascending and descending fiber tracts for communication between PNS and CNS. The ascending tracts typically carry ___ info while the descending tracts typically contain ____

A

sensory; motor

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13
Q

Label the following:

A
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14
Q

Label the following:

A
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15
Q

What is the function of ascending and descending fiber tracts?

A

PNS and CNS communication

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16
Q

Which of the following structures is where the anterior spinal artery enters?
A. Ventromedian Fissure
B. Ventrolateral Sulci
C. Dorsomedian Sulcus
D. Dorsolateral Sulci
E. Dorsointermediate Sulci

A

A. Ventromedian Fissure

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17
Q

The ventral roots (motor nerve) exit at which structure:
A. Ventrolateral Sulci
B. Dorsolateral Sulci
C. Dorsomedian Sulcus
D. Ventromedian Fissure
E. Dorsointermediate Sulci

A

A. Ventrolateral Sulci

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18
Q

True or False: The Dorsolateral Sulci separates the left and right spinal cord

A

False - the Dorsomedian Sulcus does this

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19
Q

____ is where the sensory roots enter into the dorsal horn
A. Ventrolateral Sulci
B. Dorsolateral Sulci
C. Dorsomedian Sulcus
D. Ventromedian Fissure
E. Dorsointermediate Sulci

A

B. Dorsolateral Sulci

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20
Q

The Dorsointermediate Sulci is only present from the spinal cord in __ to __

A

C1 to T6

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21
Q

Which two white matter tracts are separated by the Dorsointermediate Sulci?

A

Fasciculus gracilis
Fasciculus cuneatus

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22
Q

What are the three zones of the neural tube?

A

Ventricular
Intermediate
Marginal

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23
Q

Which zone of the neural tube becomes the alar and basal plate
A. Ventricular Zone
B. Intermediate Zone
C. Marginal Zone

A

B. Intermediate Zone

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24
Q

True or False: The Marginal Zone of the neural tube contributes to alar/basal plates, but eventually disappears

A

False - the ventricular zone does that

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25
___ Zone is invaded by axons from ventricular zone and by developing brain stem A. Ventricular Zone B. Intermediate Zone C. Marginal Zone
C. Marginal Zone
26
___ Plate contains dorsal horns (cell bodies of sensory neurons)
Alar Plate
27
____ Plate contains ventral horns (cell bodies of motor neurons)
Basal Plate
28
Which structure separates the alar and basal plates?
Sulcus Limitans
29
True or False: The Dorsal and Ventral Horns make up the Gray Matter
True
30
____Horns: receive input from DRG; send axons rostrally _____ Horns: become ventral roots of spinal nerves
Dorsal Horns (sensory) Ventral Horns (motor)
31
The Dorsal Horn contain laminae __ The Ventral Horn contains laminae ___ The Intermediate Zone contains lamina __ and Area _
Dorsal = I-VI Ventral = VIII-IX IZ = 7; Area X
32
Laminae II (dorsal horn laminae) is known as _______ and is important for _____ A. dorsal funiculus; proprioception B. nucleus of clark; nociception C. nucleus proprius; proprioception D. substantia gelatinosa; nociception
D. substantia gelatinosa; nociception
33
Laminae III-IV (dorsal horn laminae) is known as _____ and is important for _____ A. nucleus proprius; c/l pain modulation (gate control) and temp B. nucleus of clark; proprioception C. nucleus proprius; unilateral pain (gate control) and temp D. substantia gelatinosa; nociception
A. nucleus proprius; c/l pain modulation (gate control) and temp
34
True or False: The Nucleus Proprius (Laminae 3 and 4) projects out of spinothalamic tract and receives information from laminae 2
True
35
Which of the following corresponds with Intermediate Zone? A. Lamina V B. Lamina VI C. Lamina VII D. Lamina VIII
C. Lamina VII
36
True or False: The Intermediate Zone is composed of: Nucleus of Clarke and the Lateral Horn
True
37
Nucleus of Clarke is made up of: A. C1-L5 B. C8-L3 C. C7-T1 D. C3-T4
B. C8-L3
38
The Nucleus of Clarke is found in the ______ tract and is important for ______ A. cerebrocerebellar; nociception B. spinocerebellar; proprioception
B. spinocerebellar; proprioception
39
The Lateral Horn has a... Thoracic and Lumbar Region - pre-ganglionic ____ Sacral Region - pre-ganglionic ____
sympathetics; parasympathetics
40
The Ventral Horn Laminae corresponds to: A. Lamina VIII B. Lamina IX C. Lamina X
B. Lamina IX
41
Lamina IX (Ventral Horn Laminae) contains a large ___ subunit and small ____ subunit a. alpha, gamma b. gamma, alpha c. beta, gamma
a. alpha, gamma
42
True or False: The large alpha subunit of lamina IX contains: general somatic efferent (GSE) and innervates skeletal m. The small gamma subunit of lamina IX contains: muscle spindles
True
43
True or False: Ventral Horn Laminae (Laminae IX) has somatotopic organization
True
44
In the Ventral Horn Laminae (Lamina IX), proximal muscles are ___ while distal muscles are ___
medial; lateral
45
In the Ventral Horn Laminae, the flexors (____) and extensors (___) are separated
Flexor = dorsal Extensor = ventral
46
White matter funiculi divided into sections by the ___ and ___ roots
dorsal; ventral
47
The White Matter (Funiculi) contains 1.Dorsal funiculus: only ____ tracts 2. Lateral funiculus: mixed ___ & ____ tracts 3) Ventral funiculus: mostly ___ tracts
1. ascending 2. ascending; descending 3. descending
48
Fasciculus proprius surrounds the ___ matter; contains axons that communicate between segments of SC A. white matter B. gray matter
B. gray matter
49
True or False: The Dorsal Funiculus (Dorsal Columns) contains proprioceptive, touch, & vibratory info sent to medulla; ipsilateral
True
50
Which of the following contains the gracile fasciculus and the cuneate fasciculus? A. Dorsal funiculus B. Lateral funiculus C. Ventral funiculus
A. Dorsal funiculus
51
___ fasciculus contains fibers from sacral, lumber, & lower thoracics A. Gracile fasciculus B. Cuneate fasciculus
A. Gracile fasciculus
52
____ fasciculus – only present above T6; fibers from upper thoracics & cervicals A. Gracile fasciculus B. Cuneate fasciculus
B. Cuneate fasciculus
53
The Lateral Funiculus (Ascending) contains which three tracts/system?
1. Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract 2. Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract 3. Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) System
54
True or False: Both the Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract and Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract (of the lateral funiculus - ascending) influence motor, coordination, and posture
True
55
Where does the Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract originate? A. Nucleus of Clark (T1-L2) B. Fasciculus proprius C. Lateral funiculus D. Cuneate fasciculus E. Lumbosacral levels
A. Nucleus of Clark (T1-L2)
56
True or False: Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract is contralateral
False - it is ipsilateral
57
Where does the Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract originate? A. Nucleus of Clark (T1-L2) B. Fasciculus proprius C. Lateral funiculus D. Cuneate fasciculus E. Lumbosacral levels
E. Lumbosacral levels - Ventral spinocerebellar tract decussates in: spinal cord
58
True or False: - The Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) System of Lateral Funiculus (Ascending) - The Ventral Horn Laminae - The Lateral Corticospinal Tract is somatotopic
True
59
True or False: The Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) System is important for: pain, thermal, course touch, and pressure
True
60
Where does the Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) System decussate? A. ventral commissure B. dorsal commisure C. posterior commisure D. anterior commisure
A. ventral commissure
61
The Lateral Funiculus (Descending) contains the ____ Tract and ___ Tract
- Lateral Corticospinal Tract - Rubrospinal Tract
62
Which of the following tracts of the lateral funiculus (descending): - Arises from red nucleus - Decussate ABOVE spinal cord - Generally excites flexors and inhibits extensors A. Rubrospinal Tract B. Lateral Corticospinal Tract
A. Rubrospinal Tract
63
Which of the following tracts of the lateral funiculus (descending): - Controls voluntary, skilled, fine movements - Decussates BEFORE entering spinal cord - Origin: cerebral cortex - Contralateral - Somatotopic A. Rubrospinal Tract B. Lateral Corticospinal Tract
B. Lateral Corticospinal Tract
64
Which four tracts make up the Ventral Funiculus?
- Reticulospinal Tract - Ventral Corticospinal Tract - Tectospinal Tract - Vestibulospinal Tract
65
Which of the following tracts that make up the Ventral Funiculus are ipsilateral, descending pathways? A. Reticulospinal Tract B. Ventral Corticospinal Tract C. Tectospinal Tract D. Vestibulospinal Tract
D. Vestibulospinal Tract/A. Reticulospinal Tract
66
Which of the following tracts that make up the Ventral Funiculus are: -affect reflexes, voluntary movement, muscle tone -affects breathing and circulatory system A. Reticulospinal Tract B. Ventral Corticospinal Tract C. Tectospinal Tract D. Vestibulospinal Tract
A. Reticulospinal Tract
67
True or False: Ventral Corticospinal Tract is ipsilateral
True
68
Which of the following tracts that make up the Ventral Funiculus: -Decussate above spinal cord -is a descending tract from superior colliculus - has reflexes in response to visual stimuli A. Reticulospinal Tract B. Ventral Corticospinal Tract C. Tectospinal Tract D. Vestibulospinal Tract
Tectospinal Tract
69
The Vestibulospinal Tract, which is one of four tracts of the Ventral Funiculus, has a medial and lateral portion. ___ portion: innervate muscles that support heat, coordinates head/eye movement ____ portion: innervates extensor muscles of lower limb and back; maintains posture
Medial Lateral
70
___ ___ is a continuation of ventricular system in brain, contains CSF, and communicates with 4th ventricle
Central Canal

Human Neuroscience (29 decks)

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