Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

From Organisms to Ecosystems - Lectures > Lecture 9. Darwin's Insights > Flashcards

Lecture 9. Darwin's Insights Flashcards

1
Q

What are three things you could say about life ?

A
  1. Amazingly diverse
  2. Mostly bacteria and insects
  3. Largely unknown
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is unique to living things ?

A

Design for purpose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How could you say animals arose ?

A

A selective, cumulative process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What part does chance play in animal arisal ?

A

Only a small part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In what form does chance take in the animal arisal ?

A

Mutations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What proof is there that poor design in of animals ?

A

The vertebrate eye, light comes in through all the wiring and not from the side where the receptor cells are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What questions did Charles Darwin consider for his entire life ?

A
  1. Why is there life on earth?
  2. Why is life on earth so diverse?
  3. Why do living things appear to be designed?
  4. Why does some of that design that appear so poor ?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did Plato suggest and Aristotle support ?

A

Essentialism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is essentialism ?

A

All objects have a substance that makes the thing what it is, and without which it would be not that kind of thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What did Louis Agassiz argue ?

A

That species were fixed, reflecting the mind of the creator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What did Carl Linnaeus, Jean-Baptiste Lamark and Erasamus Darwin question ?

A

The immutability of species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who classified living things ?

A

Carl Linnaeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How did Carl Linnaeus naming system work ?

A

It was a 2 part names for genus and species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What did Carl Linnaeus recognise ?

A

A hierarchical phylogeny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did Erasamus Darwin contain ideas about ?

A
  1. Common descent
  2. Heritability
  3. Survival of the Fittest
  4. Struggle for Existence
  5. Evolution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What did Georges Cuvier believe in ?

A

Catastrophism

17
Q

What is catastrophism ?

A

The theory that changes in the earth’s crust during geological history have resulted chiefly from sudden violent and unusual events

18
Q

What did James Hutton believe in ?

A

Gradualism

19
Q

What is gradualism ?

A

Small apparently weak forces eg. river could given enough time have huge geographical effects eg. canyon

20
Q

What did Charles Lyell believe in ?

A

Uniformitarianism

21
Q

What is uniformitarianism ?

A

All geological processes ever existing are still going on

22
Q

Who suggested evolution by vertical speciation ?

A

Jean Baptiste Lamark

23
Q

What are the two forces suggested by evolution by vertical speciation ?

A
  1. Complexifying force

2. Environmental force

24
Q

What is the complexifying force in evolution by vertical speciation ?

A

Driving organisms up a ladder of complexity from single cell infusorian towards more complex species

25
Q

What is the evolutionary force in evolution by vertical speciation ?

A

Adapted them to local environments through use and disuse of characteristics. Regularly used organs got stronger, disused one disappeared

26
Q

What did Thomas Robert Malthus believe ?

A

Principle of population

27
Q

What is the principle of population ?

A

The human population will increase exponentially (2,4,8,16) but the food supply increases arithmetically (1,2,3,4). The population will thus eventually exceed the food supply, until famine, war or disease will restore the balance

28
Q

What did Alfred Russell Wallace believe in ?

A

Transmutation of species

29
Q

What is the transmutation of species ?

A

Species changing into different species

30
Q

What were Darwin’s and Wallace’s insights ?

A
  1. Horizontal speciation
  2. Gradualism
  3. Common descent
  4. Man as an animal (not Wallace)
  5. Natural selection
31
Q

What is horizontal speciation ?

A

When two species could both have evolved from the same ancestor by a split in the evolutionary line

32
Q

What is Darwin and Wallace’s thoughts on gradualism ?

A

Speciation happened gradually not a sudden change to a new type

33
Q

What is common descent ?

A

All life could have one single ancestor

34
Q

What did Darwin believe about natural selection ?

A

That it is the mechanism of evolution

From Organisms to Ecosystems - Lectures (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions