Lecture 22. Animal Metabolism

Question 1

What is metabolism ?

Answer 1

The sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in an organism

Question 2

What does metabolism concern ?

Answer 2

The management of energy

Question 3

Where do organisms need to maintain their organisation and equilibrium ?

Answer 3

In a chaotic environment

Question 4

What would you describe animals as ?

Answer 4

Heterotrophs

Question 5

What are heterotrophs ?

Answer 5

Need to consume food for fuel

Question 6

What do animals take in ?

Answer 6

Chemical energy stored in food and convert it to other forms of energy to be used for various things

Question 7

What is cellular respiration ?

Answer 7

The burning of fuel to produce ATP

Question 8

What happens when ATP bonds are broken ?

Answer 8

Energy is released

Question 9

What are the four main steps in cellular respiration ?

Answer 9

1. Digestion of food
2. Glycolysis
3. Krebs
4. Electron transport chain

Question 10

How much ATP is produced in glycolysis ?

Answer 10

2

Question 11

How much ATP is produced in the citric acid cycle ?

Answer 11

2

Question 12

How much ATP is produced in the electron transport chain ?

Answer 12

34

Question 13

Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic ?

Answer 13

Anaerobic

Question 14

Is citric acid cycle aerobic or anaerobic ?

Answer 14

Aerobic

Question 15

Is the electron transport chain aerobic or anaerobic ?

Answer 15

Aerobic

Question 16

What is most of ATP generated by ?

Answer 16

Use of oxygen

Question 17

How is oxygen delivered to tissues and muscles, when animals need short, rapid bursts of energy ?

Answer 17

Glycolysis as it is anerobic

Question 18

What does metabolic rate determine ?

Answer 18

Food intake, lifespan, growth rate, climate resilience

Question 19

What are some things metabolic rate is influenced by ?

Answer 19

1. Body size
2. Nutritional status
3. Activity
4. Temperature
5. Age
6. Time of day

Question 20

What do bigger animals have ?

Answer 20

Higher metabolic rates

Question 21

How does body size effect metabolic rate ?

Answer 21

As body size increases the per unit mass metabolic rate decreases for larger animals

Question 22

How does temperature effect all organisms ?

Answer 22

Tends to exponentially elevate metabolic rates

Question 23

How does activity affect animals metabolic rate ?

Answer 23

As activity increases so does metabolic rate

Question 24

What do bigger animals tend to have in terms of travel costs ?

Answer 24

Lower mass specific travel costs

Question 25

How do animals regulate their metabolic rates ?

Answer 25

Temperature and activity

Question 26

How does torpor and hibernation regulate metabolism ?

Answer 26

Via limited activity and lower temperature

Question 27

How does behavioral thermoregulation regulate metabolism ?

Answer 27

Via temperature

Question 28

Why does a shark swim on its side ?

Answer 28

It uses its dorsal fin like a wing to reduce drag

Question 29

What does a shark swimming on its side regulate metabolism by ?

Answer 29

Morphology and behavior

Question 30

How can marine mammals stay under water for hours ?

Answer 30

They can store oxygen through having more blood and myoglobin

They also reduce swimming activity, heart rate and oxygen consumption