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From Organisms to Ecosystems - Lectures > Lecture 35. Marine Ecosystems: Estuaries > Flashcards

Lecture 35. Marine Ecosystems: Estuaries Flashcards

1
Q

What is natural capital ?

A

The worlds stock of natural assets

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2
Q

What percentage of the earth does sea cover ?

A

70%

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3
Q

What percent is the total space available to life on earth ?

A

98%

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4
Q

What is deep sea defined as ?

A

More than 200m deep

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5
Q

How many animal phyla are found in marine ecosystems ?

A

30

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6
Q

How many animal phyla are only found in marine ecosytems ?

A

15

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7
Q

What does biodiversity relate to ?

A

Ecosystem functioning

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8
Q

What is ecosystem functioning ?

A

How nature provides clean, water, air, food

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9
Q

How many species are associated with coral ?

A

600000-9million

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10
Q

What are some blue solutions ?

A
  1. Energy
  2. Food security
  3. Climate change
  4. Human diseases
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11
Q

What is pelagic ?

A

Floating in sea

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12
Q

What are estuaries ?

A

where river meets sea

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13
Q

How are estuaries defined ?

A

Usually based on salinity

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14
Q

How are estuaries defined ?

A

Topography

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15
Q

What are the groups of estuaries ?

A
  1. Coastal plains
  2. Bar built estuaries
  3. Isostatic variation driven by tectonic activity
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16
Q

How are coastal plains formed ?

A

Eustatic sea level rise or fjords

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17
Q

What is an example of a coastal plain ?

A

Chesapeake Bay, USA

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18
Q

How are bar built estuaries formed ?

A

Offshore deposits can casue barries across inlets - long island new york

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19
Q

What is an example of isostatic variation driven by technotic movement ?

A

San Fransico Bay

20
Q

What else can estuaries be classified by ?

A

Tidal range

21
Q

What can effect tidal range ?

A
  1. Size - The bigger the estuarie the larger tidal range

2. Shape

22
Q

What are the tidal range classifications ?

A
  1. Microtidal
  2. Mesotidal
  3. Macrotidal
  4. Hypertidal
23
Q

What is a tidal prism ?

A

The difference between the volume of water when the tide is in and when the tide is out

24
Q

What type of place is an estuarie to live ?

A

Extremely stressful

25
Q

How can tidal ranges be altered ?

A

Urbanisation

26
Q

What can estuaries be used for ?

A

Renewable energy

27
Q

What are the environmental factors that influence organisms in estuaries ?

A
  1. Salinity
  2. Sediment
  3. Dissolved oxygen
  4. Temperature
28
Q

Is there a unit for salinity ?

A

Not officially but some times psu is used (practical salinity unit)

29
Q

How does salinity vary ?

A

Along an estuary and with tidal cycle

30
Q

Where is a dramatic variation in salinity seen ?

A

Mid estuary area

31
Q

What type of salinity is used to calssify estuaries ?

A

Vertical salinity profiles

32
Q

What does salinity depend on ?

A

How well mixed the two water sources are

33
Q

What are intertidal mudflats ?

A
  1. Soft fine silt
  2. Suplorous odour
  3. Difficult to walk on
  4. Rich in organic material
  5. Difficult to attach to
  6. High secondary production
34
Q

What do areas with oxygen anf temperature have ?

A
  1. High organic matter
  2. Aerobic bacteria breakdown
  3. Dissolved oxygen sag mid estuary
  4. Made worse by human sactivity
35
Q

What does anaerobic breakdown produce in anaerobic breakdown ?

A

Methane and

hydrogen suplphide

36
Q

What can temperature do ?

A
  1. Varys seasonally
  2. Trigger migration
  3. Affect microbial breakdown rates
  4. Expect greater DO sags in summer
  5. Impacts of industry
37
Q

What is the venice system ?

A

Based on salinity

38
Q

What are multiple dactors of the venice system ?

A
  1. Zone 1 head
  2. Zone 2 upper reaches
  3. Zone 3 Middle reaches
  4. Zone 4 Lower reaches
  5. Zone 5 mouth
39
Q

What organisms would you find in estuaries ?

A
  1. Head - freshwater
  2. Upper- polycheates, nematodes, crustaceans
  3. Mid-amphipods
  4. Outer- Mussels, oysters, eels, salmon
40
Q

What happens after organic disturbance ?

A

Macrofaunal succession

41
Q

What are bioturbators ?

A

Mobile deposit feeders

42
Q

What are primarily estaurine fish ?

A
  1. Smelt

2. Mummichogs

43
Q

What is an estuary important for ?

A

Nursey

44
Q

What is the north atlantic oscillation index

A

The difference in pressure between Iceland and the Azures

45
Q

What is the north atlantic oscillation index related to ?

A

Weather patterns

46
Q

What does the north atlantic oscillation index affect ?

A
  1. Fish diversity

2. Growth and abundance

From Organisms to Ecosystems - Lectures (37 decks)

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