Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

From Organisms to Ecosystems - Lectures > Lecture 26. Circulation and Gas Exchange in Animals > Flashcards

Lecture 26. Circulation and Gas Exchange in Animals Flashcards

1
Q

What did William Harvey do ?

A

Correctly proposed how blood flows through animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of animals did William Harvey study ?

A

Studies lower vertebrates not just humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When is diffusion inefficient ?

A

Over large distances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do some simple animals have instead of circulation systems ?

A

Gastrovascular cavity and diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some examples of animals which do not have true circulatory systems ?

A
  1. Sponges
  2. Cnidaria
  3. Flat worms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the functions of a circulatory system ?

A
  1. Respiratory gas transport
  2. Nutrient and waste transport
  3. Communication via hormones
  4. Infection fighting
  5. Wound healing
  6. Heat transfer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two types of circulatory systems ?

A
  1. Open circulatory system

2. Closed circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What animals may have open circulatory systems ?

A
  1. Arthropods

2. Some molluscs eg. clams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some animals that have a closed circulatory system ?

A
  1. Annelids
  2. All vertebrates
  3. Some molluscs eg. cephalopods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an important substance in open circulatory system ?

A

Hemolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the fluid used in a closed system ?

A

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of pumps ?

A
  1. Transport fluid around the body
  2. Muscular contractions
  3. Generate flow and pressure
  4. Regulate stroke volume and stroke rate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two types of closed circulation ?

A
  1. Single

2. Double

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What types of animals have closed, single circulatory systems ?

A

Fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What sorts of animals have closed, double circulatory systems ?

A

Humans, amphibians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the disadvantage of a double, closed circulatory system ?

A

Requires more energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the disadvantage of closed, single circulatory system ?

A

Blood pressure to tissues is lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does plasma have ?

A

Low oxygen conductance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do red blood cells respire ?

A

Anaerobically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do red blood cells have ?

A

Respiratory pigments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do respiratory pigments carry ?

A

Oxygen

22
Q

Do red blood cells have mitochondria ?

A

NO

23
Q

What are respiratory pigments ?

A

Iron containing proteins that transport oxygen

24
Q

What is the main respiratory pigment in vertebrates ?

A

Haemoglobin

25
Q

What is the main respiratory pigment in invertebrates ?

A

Haemocyanin

26
Q

What do respiratory pigments have ?

A

High binding oxygen capacity

27
Q

What are some examples of respiratory organs ?

A
  1. Gills
  2. Lungs
  3. Skin
28
Q

What are the three types of ventilation patterns ?

A
  1. Non directional
  2. Tidal ventilation
  3. Unidirectional ventilation
29
Q

What is non directional ventilation patterns ?

A

Skin - fish, amphibians

30
Q

What is tidal ventilation ?

A

Enter and leave through same points - humans, reptiles

31
Q

What is unidirectional ventilation pattern ?

A

One way flow - birds, fish

32
Q

What are some problems associated with breathing underwater ?

A
  1. 20 times less oxygen in water than in air
  2. Water is much more viscous making ventilation more expensive
  3. Rate of diffusion of oxygen through water is much slower than in air
33
Q

What is gas exchange ?

A

Oxygen absorbed, carbon dioxide excreted

34
Q

How do lampreys breath ?

A

Mouth is closed but expand and contract the branchial basket, allowing water in and out through gill slits

35
Q

How do sharks breath ?

A

Water comes into mouth, past gills and then out

36
Q

What is ram ventilation ?

A

Where animals swim constantly forward with their mouth open, forcing oxygenated water into mouth over gills

37
Q

What is the advantage of unidirectional flow of water across the gills ?

A

Countercurrent exchange

38
Q

What is countercurrent exchange ?

A

Blood flows in one direction and water flows in the opposite direction, it gives a much greater chance of diffusion and oxygen exchange

39
Q

What are gills composed of ?

A

Multiple arches

40
Q

What do arches consist of ?

A

Threadlike structures called filaments

41
Q

Where are filaments divided ?

A

In lamellae containing a capillary area

42
Q

What is the advantage of multiple arches ?

A

Maximises area of exchange

43
Q

What does gill structure correlate with ?

A

Lifestyle

44
Q

What do animals with high metabolic rates have ?

A

Larger gill surface area

45
Q

What is the caudal fin aspect ration ?

A

Measure of the shape of the fin

46
Q

What type of animal is a fish ?

A

Ectothermic

47
Q

How do some fish use countercurrent exchange ?

A

To elevate core temperature

48
Q

What is myoglobin ?

A

The oxygen storage protein

49
Q

How can animals dive under water for long periods of time ?

A
  1. More red blood cells
  2. Myoglobin
  3. Reduce swimming activity
  4. Reduce heart rate
  5. Reduce oxygen consumption rate
50
Q

How does a rheodytes leukop respire ?

A

Through its cloaca

51
Q

What does the water vascular system in echinoderms double as ?

A

Respiration and locomotion

From Organisms to Ecosystems - Lectures (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions