Lecture 12. Coevolution Flashcards
What is coevolution ?
Changes in one species cause adaptations in another which further change the selective pressure on the first, altering its evolution
What is mutualism ?
everybody benefits from a change in either species
What is an arms race ?
Adaptation by one species is detrimental to the fitness of the other
What is meant by cryptic ?
Camoflaged
What is masquerade ?
Appearing to be something inedible
What is aposematism ?
Signalling unprofitability to potential predators
What are the features that aid learning of an aposematism ?
- Conspiciousness
- Novel signal
- Repeated signal
- Consistent effect follows signal
- Effect follows signal quickly
- Confirmed by other signals
What is the inherent cost of aposematism to the prey species ?
Training naiive predators into the meaning of the signal
How can aposematisms intrinsic risk be reduced ?
By sharing the pattern with lots of others
What is mullerian mimicry ?
Sharing signals between defended prey species
What do mullerian mimics experience ?
Normalising selection pressure
What is batesian mimicry ?
Edible prey copying the signal of aposematic animals
What is the frequency effect on mullerian mimics ?
Positively frequency dependent
What is the frequency effect on batesian mimics ?
Negatively frequency dependent
What is meant by automimic ?
A member of an aposematic species which lacks the defensive chemical so are effectively batesian mimics of their own species
