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Bio > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Two types of transport through membrane

A

Passive and active

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2
Q

Diff between passive and active transport

A

Passive : no energy
Active : energy

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3
Q

Types of passive transport

A

Osmosis
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion

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4
Q

Types of active transport

A

Primary
Secondary
Vesicular

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5
Q

What is primary active transport

A

Protein pump uses ATP to move solutes from low to high concentration

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6
Q

Secondary transport

A

Uses transmembrane electrochemical gradient of ions to provide E to bring components against concentration gradient

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7
Q

Vesicular transport types

A

Endocytosis and exocytosis

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8
Q

What is a concentration gradient

A

One area has a lower [] and one has a higher

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9
Q

What can cross freely through membrane by diffusion

A

Lipid soluable (hydrophobic), o2, co2

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10
Q

What happens at equilibrium

A

Molecules keep moving without a net mouvement or change in []

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11
Q

Rate/speed of diffusion depends on (3)

A
  1. Concentration (more = faster bc more collision)
  2. Molecular size
  3. Temperature (higher increases speed)
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12
Q

The more lilid soluble, the more

A

It will diffuse across membrane

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13
Q

Equilibrium in organisms rarely or frequently occurs?

A

Very rarely (ex o2 in and co2 out constantly)

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14
Q

What is osmolarity

A

Total [] of dissolved particles in solution

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15
Q

Osmolarity formula

A

Molarity x n (number of particles in solution)

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16
Q

Ex of osmolarity : 0.3M of NaCl = ?

A

0,3 x 2 = 0,6 osmol/L

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17
Q

Hypertonic

A

Greater [] of solute

18
Q

Hypotonic

A

Lesser [] of solute

19
Q

Isotonic

A

Same [] of solute

20
Q

If 2 solutions have same osmolarity = same ?

A

Tonicity (isotonic)

21
Q

Concentration gradient determined by difference in ?

A

TOTAL solute [] (NOT nb of nature if solute)

22
Q

What is tonicity affected by

A

Presence of non penetrating solutes in water and net mvmt of water

23
Q

Tonicity is a description of how

A

Solutions affect a cell’s shape

24
Q

Crenation

A

Cell shrinks (occurs im hypertonic solutions)

25
Q

Hemolysis

A

Cell bursts (in hypotonic solutions)

26
Q

What helps facilitate diffusion

A

Transmembrane proteins

27
Q

Which type of transport brings molecules down their gradient

A

Passive

28
Q

Transmembrane proteins

A

Carrier (specific for one chemical, shale change, sugars, am ac)
channel (mostly ions

29
Q

Water specific channels

A

Aquaporins

30
Q

Can water cross through simple diffusion

A

Yes (bc small) but very slow, facilitated is faster

31
Q

Why can’t sodium diffuse out of cell

A

Bc can’t diffuse from low to high []

32
Q

Mouvement of hydrophilic molecules against their gradient

A

Actuve

33
Q

What does active transport require

A

ATP and carrier protein

34
Q

Primary active transport creates what

A

Gradient which provides energy for secondary active transport

35
Q

How is electrochemical gradient created

A

When primary active transport moves ions

36
Q

Source of energy for secondary transport

A

Electrochemical gradient

37
Q

Popular pump

A

Na+-K+ pump

38
Q

When Na+ ions go outside (after primary transport), when a channel protein opens, they move down their gradient (back into cell) and transport other substances (glucose) that way

A

Secondary active transport (just wanted to explain)

39
Q

Two ways for glucose uptake to take place

A

Facilitated diffusion and secondary active transport

40
Q

Exocytosis

A

Transport of very large molecules OUT of cell (ex insulin out of pancreatic cell)

41
Q

Endocytosis

A

Transport of very large molecules into cell

Bio (21 decks)

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