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Bio > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Mitochondria

A

Site of cellular respiration

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2
Q

What is cellular respiration

A

A metabolic process that uses O2 to make ATP (E) for cell functions from food

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3
Q

Mitochondria is or is not in the endomembrane system

A

Is not

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4
Q

Which cells have more mitochondria

A

Muscle tissues (require high amounts of energy)

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5
Q

Cytoskeleton is

A

Network of protein fibers that give shape/structure to cells

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6
Q

Up to 1/3 of cell’s protein content is used for

A

Cytoskeleton

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7
Q

3 types of protein rods (cytoskeleton)

A
  1. Microtubules (largest in diameter)
  2. Microfilaments (smallest)
  3. Intermediate filaments (medium)
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8
Q

Microtubules look like

A

Thick hallow protein tubes

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9
Q

What has this function? Gives cell shape and support

A

Microtubules

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10
Q

What enables cells to change shape (can extend/contract, very dynamic)

A

Microtubules

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11
Q

What is involved in communication into/out of cell by interacting with plasma membrane prots

A

Microtubules

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12
Q

What serves as tracks along which organelles (vesicles) can move (with motor proteins)

A

Microtubules

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13
Q

What do microtubules form

A

Flagella, cilia and centrosomes

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14
Q

What is a flagella

A

Has undulating motion that generates force, cells have one of a few

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15
Q

What is cilia (ex trachea or fallopian tubes)

A

Work like oars, occur in large numbers

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16
Q

Centrosomes are composed of

A

2 centrioles

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17
Q

What is a centrosome

A

Responsible for moving chromosomes and pulling cell apart during divison

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18
Q

Function of microfilaments

A

Help support cell’s shape, involved in cell motility (muscle contraction (actin filaments))

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19
Q

Intermediate filaments function

A

Maintenance of cell shape

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20
Q

Three types of cell junctions

A
  1. Tight junction
  2. Desmosome
  3. Gap/communication junction
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21
Q

Which junction prevents leakages of fluid across layer of cells by forming seals around and makes us water tight (junctions between skin cells)

A

Tight junctions

22
Q

Which junction attaches cells to e/o and to ECM so that they remain part of tissues, linked to cytoskeleton, don’t stop passage of materials between cells

A

Desmosome

23
Q

Which junction are channels connecting cytoplasm of adjacent cells allowing for communication (ex pancreas cells communicate so secrete insulin at same time)

A

Communicating junctions

24
Q

Where is the extracellular Matrix

A

Outside of cell membrane

25
Q

Holds cells together, contributes to structural support, provides info cues that determine cell activity

A

ECM

26
Q

Composition of ECM

A

-fluid (ECF)
-proteins and carbohydrates in this fluid

27
Q

What is the extracellular fluid

A

Surrounds cell, ~33% of body’s total water content (mostly water)

28
Q

What does the ECF contain

A

Mostly water, ions (mostly Na and Cl), nutrients (from blood vessels), wastes, hormones, …

29
Q

Intracellular fluid (ICF) major cation :

A

Potassium and magnesium

30
Q

ECF major cation :

A

Sodium

31
Q

What helps anchor cells to their environment, coordinate behaviour of cells that compose same tissue and organ?

A

ECM

32
Q

What affects gene expression in nucleus-> prot synthesis-> cell function

A

ECM (occurs through physical/chemical communication pathways between ECM and cytoskeleton)

33
Q

What transmits signals between ECM/cytoskeleton -> integrate changes inside/outside cell

A

Integrins (proteins)

34
Q

By communicating w cell through integrins, ECM regulates

A

Cell’s function, structure/behavior

35
Q

What physically separates inside and outside of cell

A

Plasma membrane

36
Q

What creates compartments within cell (organelles/vesicles)

A

Cell membrane

37
Q

Components of cell membranes

A

-Lipids (phospholipids/cholesterol)
-proteins
-carbohydrates (glycolipids/glycoproteins)

38
Q

What is physical barrier between ECM and cytoplasm

A

Plasma membrane

39
Q

The cell membrane is most permeable to

A

Small molecules (o2 co2 h2o) and hydrophobic lipid soluble substances

40
Q

Selectively permeable membrane acts as barrier to

A

Most hydrophilic substances -> pass under specific circumstances

41
Q

What might transport hydrophilic molecules if they’re stopped from crossing the membrane

A

Membrane transport proteins

42
Q

PM contains protein receptors that

A

Communicate info into cell

43
Q

Glycolipids and glycoproteins are involved in

A

Cell to cell recognition and communication between cells and ECM to maintain homeostasis

44
Q

What allows separation between inside and outside cell in membranes

A

Hydrophobic interior of bilayer

45
Q

Membranes are fluid -> phospholipids can

A

Turn on axis or upside down, move lateral over surface of membrane

46
Q

Increasing nb of saturated FA will ____ membrane fluidity

A

Decrease

47
Q

Increasing nb if unsat FA will_____ membrane fluidity

A

Increase

48
Q

Cholesterol in membranes help

A

Maintain integrity of membranes (prevents phospholipids from moving apart too much and forming clumps

49
Q

What is necessary to : keeping things inside while transporting others across membrane, allowing cell to change shape and allow membrane molecules (proteins receptors, enzymes) to move laterally to have appropriate enviro to function)

A

Membrane fluidity

50
Q

Cell membrane proteins functions

A
  1. Transport
  2. Enzymatic activities
  3. Signal transduction
  4. Cell-cell recognition
  5. Intercellular joining
  6. Attachment to cytoskeleton/ECM
51
Q

6 functions of membrane proteins

A
  1. Receptor
  2. Enzyme
  3. Channel
  4. Gated channel
  5. Cell-identity marker
  6. Cell adhesion molecule

Bio (21 decks)

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