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Bio > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Increase in cell size =

A

Increase in metabolic demands

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2
Q

Which increases at a faster rate: volume or surface area

A

Volume

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3
Q

Metabolic demands is determined by

A

Volume of cell

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4
Q

Transport of materials is determined by

A

Surface area

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5
Q

The smaller an object is,

A

The more surface area/ the less volume

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6
Q

The smaller an object is, the smaller the volume and larger the surface are which is why

A

Cells are small

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7
Q

To maintain homeostasis cell must have

A

Enough surface area
(Can’t work if metabolic demand > exchange of materials)

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8
Q

All cells :

A

-surrounded by membrane
-cytosol inside cytoplasm
-dna
-ribosomes

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9
Q

Prokaryotic cells have

A

Dna not in nucleus, lack most organelles

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10
Q

Eukaryotic cells have

A

Dna in nucleus, organnelles

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11
Q

Cell membrane role

A

Boundary between outside and inside

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12
Q

Cell membrane functions

A

-membrane transport (selectively permeable)
-cell signalling (sense changes and react)
-cell adhesion

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13
Q

Components of cell membrane

A
  1. Protein molecules
  2. Lipid molecules
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14
Q

Substance inside cytoplasm

A

Cytosol

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15
Q

Nucleus stores what

A

Dna

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16
Q

What is the nuclear envelope

A

Two membranes (outer and inner), boundary if nucleus

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17
Q

Nuclear pores

A

Gateways allowing molecules to enter/leave nucleus (ex mRNA to transcript genetic code)

18
Q

Nucleolus

A

Mass of densily stained granules/fibers
Site of ribosome synthesis (rRNA)

19
Q

Ribosomes are formed with

A

rRNA and a little protein

20
Q

Ribosomes synthesize proteins in

A

Cytosol (free ribosomes)
Outside of RER (bound ribosomes)

21
Q

Proteins synthesized outside of RER for

A

Outside of cell, functions inside specific organelles, integration into membranes

22
Q

Proteins synthesized in cytosol are

A

Intracellular (not secretory)

23
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structure

A

Same as plasma membrane (phospholipid bilayer continuous with nuclear envelope with proteins)

24
Q

Two types of ER

A

Smooth ER (lack ribosomes)
rough ER (surface studded with bound ribosomes)

25
Q

Smooth ER functions

A
  1. Synthesis of lipids
  2. Break down stored glycogen
  3. Detoxification of drugs and poisons
26
Q

Rough ER functions

A
  1. Protein synthesis (specifically secretory)
  2. Membrane sythesis
27
Q

Golgi apparatus functions

A

-modifies lipids and proteins produced by ER
-sorting station
-packaging/export of molecules

28
Q

Golgi apparatus looks like

A

Flattened sacs called cisternae, surrounded by vesicles

29
Q

Vacuoles are

A

Large vesicles

30
Q

Functions of vesicles

A

Store/transport chemicals throughout the cell

31
Q

What produces vesicles

A

ER and golgi

32
Q

Lysosomes are

A

Specialized vesicles

33
Q

Lysosomes do what

A

Intracellular digestion (degrade damaged or unneeded macromolecules, bacteria)

34
Q

Lysosomes can digest all biological molecules but

A

Enzymes optimal at pH 5

35
Q

Peroxisomes contain enzymes that

A

-Detoxify harmful substances
-Produce hydrogen peroxide (can be toxic to cell, so
-Convert hydrogen peroxide to water and O2

36
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Found mainly in liver and kidney
Plays role in breaking down/synthesizing FA

37
Q

Endomembrane system defines

A

Physical relationship between many organelles within eukaryotic cell

38
Q

Organelles in endomembrane syst have an interrelated membrane through

A

Direct contact of transfer if membrane (vesicles)
They are related by form

39
Q

Overall role of endomembrane system :

A

Regulate prot traffic in cell and perform various metabolic functions

40
Q

Components of endomembrane system

A
  1. Plasma membrane
  2. Nuclear envelope of nucleus
  3. ER
  4. Golgi apparatus
  5. Lysosomes
  6. Vesicles and vacuoles

Bio (26 decks)

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