Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio > Lecture 20 > Flashcards

Lecture 20 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Major functions of cardiovascular system

A
  1. Transportation of substances
  2. Helps fight infection
  3. Assists in thermoregulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The most basic needs of cells (o2 and nutrients) can be obtained from

A

Blood in nearby blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Waste from cells is picked up by what

A

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

For food to go into blood, i must first

A

Be digested (broken down) into glucose or amino acids by mouth/stomach/small intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Once digested, food molecules can get absorbed to blood through

A

Walls of small intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nutrient rich blood from small intestines go to what first

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why does nutrient rich blood go to liver

A

To initially process nutrients absorbed, then goes to heart then rest of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Steps of nutrient rich blood

A
  1. Products of digestion are absorbed into capillaries within vili of small intestines
  2. Food molecules travel through hepatic portal veins to liver
  3. Liver monitors blood content
  4. Hepatic veins deliver blood to cardio system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hormones secreted by glands of endocrine system are transported by

A

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hormones are one of the means of the body by which cells from diff systs do what

A

Communicate with each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A hormone is a molecule that is

A

Made and secreted into blood by a cell which triggers action in another cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is insulin

A

Released by pancreas
Hormone regulating blood sugar by moving from blood into cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Blood circulates throughout whole body and therefore picks up

A

Lot of heat generated by cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

We can control heat distribution to body by

A

Regulating blood flow to certain areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Core temp should be maintained at 37, so

A

Limbs kept warm but never at expense of core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Can control blood flow to certain areas by

A

Vasodilation (widening) or vasoconstriction (narrowing) of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When core temp is above 37, vasodilation which

A

Increases blood flow in skin and encourages heat to be lost into atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If core under 37, vasoconstriction to

A

Minimize heat loss in core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cardiovascular is major component of what system

A

Immune (WBC circulate and sense for chemical changes indicating tissue damage/foreign particles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When damage is sensed, wbc in blood do what

A

Leave bv in attempt to remove via endocytosis the invading organism (ex bacteria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Circulatory system gives access to how many cells

A

Almost every cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Organs of cardio syst are

A

Heart and blood vessels (subcategorized as arteries, veins, capillaries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Heart generates pressure needed to

A

Move blood throughout network of bv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Heart characteristics

A
  1. Human fist size, less than a pound
  2. Located in thoracic cavity between lungs in inferior mediastinum (mid of thoracic cav)
  3. About 2/3 of heart mass lies to left of body’s midline
  4. Apex (left ventricle) rests on diaphragm
  5. Base (great bv emerging area) towards right shoulder, formed by atria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Pericardium is

A

Double walled sac enclosing heart, two main parts:
1. Parietal layer (dense fibrous tissue)
2. Visceral layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Fibrous parietal layer

A
  1. Tough inelastic dense CT
  2. Protects heart, anchors it to surrounding structures and prevents overfilling by blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

A
  1. Thinner, called epicardium, integral part of heart wall
28
Q

In pericardial cavity, pericardial fluid does what

A

Lubricates, reduces friction between visceral and parietal layers as heart moves

29
Q

3 parts of serous pericardium

A
  1. Parietal layer
  2. Pericardial cavity (contains fluid)
  3. Visceral layer
30
Q

Heart wall composed of

A
  1. Myocardium
  2. Endocardium
31
Q

Myocardium (muscle)

A
  1. Responsible for pumping of heart
  2. Composed of cardiac muscle tissue
  3. Approximately 95% of heart wall
  4. Part that contracts
32
Q

Myocardium (muscle)

A
  1. Responsible for pumping of heart
  2. Composed of cardiac muscle tissue
  3. Approximately 95% of heart wall
  4. Part that contracts
33
Q

Endocardium

A
  1. Thin layer of CT
  2. Internally reinforces myocardium
  3. Dense fibrous CT
34
Q

Interventricular septum divides heart how

A

Longitudinally

35
Q

4 chambers of heart

A

Atria (x2)
Ventricles (x2)

36
Q

Atria

A

Receive blood from body (right atrium) and from lungs (left atrium)

37
Q

Ventricles

A
  1. Pump blood to lungs (right) and body (left)
  2. Thick walled chamber
38
Q

Why is workload of right ventricle smaller than left

A

Bc right pumps short distance (to lungs) and left pumps to all parts of body
Left side thicker walled than right

39
Q

In properly functioning heart, blood forced in

A

One direction (result from unidirectional valves preventing backwards flow)

40
Q

4 heart valves

A
  1. Right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)
  2. Left atrioventricular valve (bicuspid valve)
  3. Pulmonary semilunar valve
  4. Aortic semilunar valve
41
Q

AV valves

A
  1. Open when ventricles are relaxed (blood passively fills chambers)
  2. Closed during ventricular contraction
  3. Chordae tendinae anchors cusps to walls of ventricles
42
Q

Semilunar valves

A
  1. Closed during relaxation
  2. Opens during ventricular contraction
43
Q

Valves open and close in response to

A

Pressure changes in heart

44
Q

Arteries vs capillaries vs veins

A

Arteries: carries blood away from heart
Capillaries: very thin vessels enabling gas/nutrients/waste exchange w tissues
Veins: carry blood towards heart

45
Q

What are the only vessels enabling exchange between blood and cells of body

A

Capillaries

46
Q

Every organ and virtually every tissue in body contains

A

Capillary network (aka capillary bed)

47
Q

Two circuits in blood vessels organization

A

Pulmonary and systemic

48
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A
  1. Passing blood through lungs
  2. Enters o2 in blood (oxygenation)
  3. Expels co2 from blood
  4. Once oxygenated, blood enters heart where pumped back to systemic circuit
49
Q

Systemic circuit (systemic = systems of body)

A
  1. Distributes oxy blood to all tissues in body
  2. As blood passes, releases o2 and takes co2
  3. Deoxy blood returns to heart then to pulmonary circulation
50
Q

Steps of deoxy blood (right side)

A
  1. Deoxy blood enters right atrium via inferior/superior vena cava
  2. Right atrium pumps blood to right ventricle
  3. Right ventricle pumps to both lungs via pulmonary arteries (they carry deoxy blood)
51
Q

Steps of oxy blood circulation

A
  1. Oxy blood enters left atrium via pulmonary veins
  2. Left atrium pumps blood to left ventricle
  3. Left ventricle pumps to rest of body via aorta (largest artery in body)
52
Q

What is special about pulmonary veins and arteries

A

Veins : carry oxy blood (unlike rest of veins)
Arteries: carry deoxy blood unlike rest

53
Q

Aorta branches into what to deliver bood

A

Arteries, arterioles and capillaries

54
Q

Once capillaries are deoxy and filled with co2, go back to heart through

A

Veins, inferior/superior vena cava, heart…

55
Q

Each heartbeat involves a

A

Contraction: systole
Relaxation: diastole

56
Q

Left and right sides contract

A

Simultaneously (atria together and ventricles together)

57
Q

As a chamber of heart contracts, bp increases, so

A

Blood flows out of it (high to low pressure)

58
Q

Systole phase stages

A
  1. Atrial systole
  2. Ventricular systole
59
Q

Atrial systole

A

Atria contracting , ventricles relaxed
As atria contracts, exert pressure on blood which forces through open AV valves into ventricles

60
Q

Ventricular systole

A

Ventricles contract, atria relaxed in atrial diastole
P rises inside ventricles and pushes blood out against AV valve, forcing them shut. When P exceeds aorta and pulmonary trunk P, semilunar valves open and blood flows through

61
Q

Ventricular diastole

A

Ventricles relax, P inside drops, blood in aorta and pulmonary trunk begin to fall back into ventricles which catches in valves cusps and close semilunar valves
When ventricular P drops below atrial P, AV valves open and ventricular filling begins (atrial systole)

62
Q

Cardiac excitations begins in sinoatrial (SA) node in right atrial wall. SA node is

A

Heart pacemaker, sends electric signals 70-80x per min through muscles of atria to contract them

63
Q

SA node signal reaches atrioventricular (AV) node through conduction along atrial muscle fibers and

A

Signal enters AV bundle, then the Purkinje fibers conduct signal to ventricular myocardium, then ventricles contract pushing blood to semilunar valves (slide 33)

64
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Sticky substance of cholesterol, fat, calcium, other (plaque) builds up inside walls of arteries
Can put blood flow at risk bc blocked arteries, can lead to clots
Usually cause of heart attacks and strokes

65
Q

Myocardial infraction (heart attack)

A

Blood supply decreases/stops to a portion of myocardium
No blood supply=no o2 supply so heart muscle damage and begin to die

66
Q

Ischemic stroke

A

Blood supply to part of brain is blocked/reduce
Prevents brain tissues from o2 and nutrients, brain cells die in minutes

67
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A

Bv in brain leaks or bursts -> bleeding in brain, P on brain cells increases and damages them

Bio (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions