Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio > Lecture 23 > Flashcards

Lecture 23 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Communication between cells is essential to

A

Coordinate homeostatic response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nervous syst uses what to communicate, allowing very quick communication between receptor effector and cc

A

Electrical signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Endocrine uses what to communicate bet cells rather than electrical impulses

A

Signal molecules (hormones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hormones in blood sugar regulation

A

Glucagon and insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Blood glucose rises steps

A
  1. Stimulus: blood glucose rises
  2. Beta cells in pancreas release insulin in blood
  3. Insulin tells liver and body cells to take up glucose
  4. Liver stores it as glycogen
  5. Blood glucose level declines
  6. Homeostasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Blood glucose drops steps

A
  1. Stimulus: blood glucose drops
  2. Alpha cells in pancreas release glucagon in blood
  3. Glucagon tells liver to break down glycogen to release glucose
  4. Blood glucose level rises
  5. Homeostasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nervous vs endocrine (N vs E): method of communication

A

N: electrical impulses and neurotransmitters
E: hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

N vs E: speed of communication

A

N: very fast (milliseconds)
E: fast to slow (seconds to minutes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

N vs E: duration of effect

A

N: very short duration (ex muscle contraction)
E: longer, ranges from seconds to days (ex menstrual cycle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

N vs E: responses voluntarily/involuntarily

A

N: voluntary or involuntary
E: involuntary only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

N vs E: potential effectors

A

N: all muscle types and glands (both exocrine and endocrine)
E: any cell in body (the provided cell has receptors for at least one hormone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hormone communication is performed by

A

Secreting and receiving hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are called cells that secrete hormones

A

Endocrine cells (part of a grp of similar cells within an endocrine gland)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hormones circulating steps

A
  1. Hormone secreted by endocrine cell
  2. Enters blood via capillary
  3. Travels throughout cardio syst
  4. Reaches many/all tissues of body
  5. ONLY cells with receptors for that hormone will respond to it (target cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Target cells

A
  1. Cell that has a specific receptor on/in it for a hormone to bind to
  2. Can be located anywhere, many target cells for particular hormones
  3. Target cells can have receptors for different types of hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glands of endocrine system

A
  1. Pineal gland
  2. Pituitary gland
  3. Thyroid gland
  4. Parathyroid glands
  5. Adrenal glands
  6. Pancreas
  7. Testis/ovary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the control center of endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hypothalamus targets what gland

A

Pituitary (in turn influences numerous body functions)

19
Q

What integrates both nervous and endocrine systems

A

Hypothetically

20
Q

Pituitary gland referred to as

A

Master gland (bc controls large portion of endocrine activity)

21
Q

What gland secretes several different hormones that regulate several different glands/organs

A

Pituitary

22
Q

Pituitary gland lobes

A

Anterior and posterior

23
Q

Anterior lobe pituitary gland hormones

A
  1. Musculoskeletal: GH (growth hormone)
  2. Mammary glands: PRL (prolactin )
  3. Ovary: FSH (follicule-stimulating hormone), gonadotropin
  4. Testis: LH (luteinizing hormone), gonadotropin
24
Q

Posterior lobe pituitary gland hormones

A
  1. Kidney: ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
  2. Uterus: OXT (Oxytocin)
25
Q

Childbirth oxytocin steps

A
  1. Head of baby pushes against cervix
  2. Nerve impulses from cervix transmitted to brain
  3. Brain stimulates pituitary gland to secrete oxytocin
  4. Oxytocin carried in bloodstream to uterus
  5. Oxytocin stimulates uterus contractions and push baby towards cervix
26
Q

Relationship between nervous and endocrine in childbirth

A

When head pushes on cervix, sensory neuron sends impulse to hypothalamus that tells pituitary to release oxytocin

27
Q

ADH tells kidney what

A

How much water to conserve

28
Q

Kidneys adjust amount if water put in urine based on

A

Amount of ADH secreted by pituitary gland

29
Q

When dehydrated, little water in urine bc

A

ADH secreted, which tells nephrons to retain water in blood

30
Q

When well hydrated, ADH secreted or not

A

No, kidney produce very diluted urine

31
Q

Alcohol inhibits what

A

ADH secretion, so inability to retain water even when dehydrated

32
Q

Color of urine/ADH relation

A

More ADH = less water in urine = dark color

33
Q

Hormones controlling secretion and processes of body’s reproductive organs (ex menstrual cycle)

A

Gonadotropins: follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone

34
Q

What does growth hormone do

A

Stimulates growth, increase in cell size and number of

35
Q

GH conditions (treated with growth hormones in lab)

A
  1. Gigantism: high production of GH in childhood when bones still growing
  2. Pituitary dwarfism: insufficient production of GH in childhood
36
Q

When insuline released, reaches cells with receptors that detect it and will allow glucose to enter them by

A

facilitated diffusion

37
Q

Insulin target cells

A

Liver, muscle and fat cells (make glucose into glycogen)

38
Q

Target cells of glucagon

A

Liver cells only (release glucose back in body by hydrolysis of glycogen)

39
Q

Antagonistic hormones are

A

Pairs of hormones that trigger exact opposite responses
Ex glucagon and insulin

40
Q

Type 1 DM

A

Pancreas cells destroyed by own immune syst (autoimmune disorders), so failure to produce insulin

41
Q

Type 2 DM

A

Cells fail to respond to insulin, risk factors to develop it include HTN, obesity, lack of exercise

42
Q

In both cases of DM, cells don’t take glucose from blood, so very high which can lead to

A

High bp and if untreated, widespread damage of capillaries/surrounding tisues

43
Q

When stressed (sympathetic response), electrical impulse sent to adrenal gland to

A

Secrete epinephrine (adrenaline) into blood which intensifies stress response

44
Q

Kidneys and adrenal glands function

A

Independently

Bio (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions