Lecture 2 Flashcards
Structural hierarchy of human body
Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells(diff molecules), tissues(similar cells), organs(diff tissues), organ systems(diff organs), organism(diff organ systems)
All cells :
1.have plasma membrane
2.can harness materials and energy from enviro
3.have dna
4. Have cytoplasm
5.have ribosomes
Integumentary system
-Forms external body covering
- protects deeper tissues from injury
- synthesizes vitamin D
- location of sensory receptors and sweat/oil glands
Integumentary system components
Hair, skin, finger nails
Skeletal system
-protects/supports body organs
-provides framework for muscles
-stores minerals
-blood cells formed within bones
Skeletal system components
Cartilages, joints, bones
Muscular system
-allows manipulation of the enviro
-locomotion, facial expressions
-maintains posture
-produces heat
Muscular system components
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscles
Nervous system
-control system of body
-responds to external changes by activating muscles and glands
Nervous system components
Brain, sensory receptors, spinal cords, nerves
Endocrine system
Glands secrete hormones that regulate processed like growth, reproduction, nutrient use by cells
Endocrine system components
Pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, testis, ovary
Cardiovascular system
-blood vessels transport blood which carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, co2, wastes
-heart pumps blood
Cardiovascular system components
Heart, blood vessels
Lymphatic system
-picks up leaked fluids from vessels and returns it to blood
-disposes of debris in lymphatic stream
-houses WBC involved in immunity
Lymphatic system components
Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels
Respiratory system
-keeps blood supplied w o2, removes co2
-gas exchange through walls of air sacs of lungs
Respiratory system components
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Digestive system
-breaks down food into nutrients that enter blood to distribute to body cells
-elimination as feces
Digestive system components
Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small/large intestines, rectum
Urinary system
-eliminates nitrogen containing wastes
-regulates water, electrolytes, acid-base balance of food
Urinary system components
Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
Reproductive system
-production of offsprings
Male :
-testes produce sperm and male sex hormones
-ducts and glands aid in delivery of sperm to female tract
Female :
-ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones
-remaining structures for fertilization/development of foetus
-mammary glands produce milk
Frontal (coronal plane)
Divides into anterior and posterior parts
Transverse (cross) plane
Divides into superior and inferior parts
Dorsal body cavity subdivisions :
1.cranial
2.spinal
Spinal cavity
-houses spinal cord
-protected by vertebrae
Cranial cavity
-houses brain
-protected by skull
Ventral body cavity subdivisions
- Thoracic
2.abdominopelvic
Thoracic cavity
-superior to diaphragm
-houses heart,lungs, others
-mediastinum (central region) houses heart, trachea, others
-protected by rib cage
Abdominal cavity
-inferior to diaphragm
-contains stomach, liver, others
Pelvic cavity
-Contains reproductive organs, bladder, rectum.
-no physical structure between abdominal and pelvic cavities
