Lecture 1

Question 1

What are the three domains

Answer 1

1.bacteria
2.archaea
3.eukaryotes

Question 2

What is the diff between eukaryotic (eukaryotes) and prokaryotic (bacteria and archaea) cells?

Answer 2

Pro : no nucleus
Euk : has nucleus

Question 3

What is the binomial system

Answer 3

Genus and species name -> every species has a unique name

Question 4

7 characteristics for life :

Answer 4

1.has cells
2.require energy and process it (metabolism)
3.grow and develop
4.respond to enviro
5.reproduce
6.evolve and adapt
7.perform homeostasis

Question 5

What is metsbolism

Answer 5

All chemical reactions occurring in the body’s cell to process energy

Question 6

What is ATP

Answer 6

Main source of energy of the cell that comes from food

Question 7

What is homeostasis

Answer 7

The ability to keep certain internal conditions within preset limits

Question 8

How does homeostasis work for body temperature

Answer 8

Despite large fluctuations outside, body sweats or shivers to keep body at 36-37,5

Question 9

8 precesses human perform to maintain life

Answer 9

1.growth
2.reproduction
3.responsiveness
4.movement
5.metabolism
6.maintain boundaries
7.digestion
8.excretion

Question 10

What are the 4 things humans need to survive

Answer 10

1.Oxygen (needed to make ATP
2.water (enviro for chem reactions)
3. Nutrients (energy and cell building)
4.normal body temp (chemical reactions to occur at life sustaining rate)

Question 11

Which systems contribute the most to homeostasis

Answer 11

Nervous and endocrine (through electrical and chemical communication)

Question 12

Examples of conditions that need homeostasis

Answer 12

Body temp, ph level, bp

Question 13

What are the three components of homeostatic mechanism

Answer 13

1. Receptor
   2.control center
2. Effector

Question 14

Receptor :

Answer 14

Detects and reports condition’s value changes to control center

Question 15

Control centrr

Answer 15

Receives stimulus info from receptor and sends motor response to effector

Question 16

Effector

Answer 16

Executes action that triggers change of stimulus direction

Question 17

Negative feedback

Answer 17

Contrary action of stimulus sensed, reversed change back to normal range/within it’s controlled condition

Question 18

Examples of negative feedback

Answer 18

Thermoregulation of body, blood sugar

Question 19

Positive feedback

Answer 19

Reinforces stimulus, involved in regulation of potentially dangerous/stressful processes that needs quick completion, reinforces conditions that are exceptional

Question 20

Examples of positive feedback

Answer 20

Blood clotting, childbirth

Question 21

Blood clotting mechanism

Answer 21

Damage to blood vessel wall causes platelets activation and attach themselves to edge of wound. Once activated, they release chemicals that activate more platelets -> bleeding stops when wound is covered by platelets

Question 22

Childbirth mechanism

Answer 22

Head pushes against cervix, signal to brain, who releases oxytocin. Once it reaches uterus, it contracts, making head push more on cervix, etc