Lecture 1 Flashcards
What are the three domains
1.bacteria
2.archaea
3.eukaryotes
What is the diff between eukaryotic (eukaryotes) and prokaryotic (bacteria and archaea) cells?
Pro : no nucleus
Euk : has nucleus
What is the binomial system
Genus and species name -> every species has a unique name
7 characteristics for life :
1.has cells
2.require energy and process it (metabolism)
3.grow and develop
4.respond to enviro
5.reproduce
6.evolve and adapt
7.perform homeostasis
What is metsbolism
All chemical reactions occurring in the body’s cell to process energy
What is ATP
Main source of energy of the cell that comes from food
What is homeostasis
The ability to keep certain internal conditions within preset limits
How does homeostasis work for body temperature
Despite large fluctuations outside, body sweats or shivers to keep body at 36-37,5
8 precesses human perform to maintain life
1.growth
2.reproduction
3.responsiveness
4.movement
5.metabolism
6.maintain boundaries
7.digestion
8.excretion
What are the 4 things humans need to survive
1.Oxygen (needed to make ATP
2.water (enviro for chem reactions)
3. Nutrients (energy and cell building)
4.normal body temp (chemical reactions to occur at life sustaining rate)
Which systems contribute the most to homeostasis
Nervous and endocrine (through electrical and chemical communication)
Examples of conditions that need homeostasis
Body temp, ph level, bp
What are the three components of homeostatic mechanism
- Receptor
2.control center - Effector
Receptor :
Detects and reports condition’s value changes to control center
Control centrr
Receives stimulus info from receptor and sends motor response to effector
Effector
Executes action that triggers change of stimulus direction
Negative feedback
Contrary action of stimulus sensed, reversed change back to normal range/within it’s controlled condition
Examples of negative feedback
Thermoregulation of body, blood sugar
Positive feedback
Reinforces stimulus, involved in regulation of potentially dangerous/stressful processes that needs quick completion, reinforces conditions that are exceptional
Examples of positive feedback
Blood clotting, childbirth
Blood clotting mechanism
Damage to blood vessel wall causes platelets activation and attach themselves to edge of wound. Once activated, they release chemicals that activate more platelets -> bleeding stops when wound is covered by platelets
Childbirth mechanism
Head pushes against cervix, signal to brain, who releases oxytocin. Once it reaches uterus, it contracts, making head push more on cervix, etc
