Lecture 9

Question 1

Three types of Hair
1.
2.
3.

Answer 1

1. Lanugo
2. Vellus
3. Terminal

Question 2

Lanugo hair

Answer 2

fine, downy, unpigmented hair that appears on the fetus in the last 3 months of development

Question 3

Vellus hair

Answer 3

fine, pale hair that replaces lanugo by the time of birth
ex: peach fuzz

Question 4

Terminal hair

Answer 4

longer, coarser, and more heavily pigmented
ex: hair on head, armpits, and pubic areas

Question 5

Structure of the Hair and Follicle
3 layers of hair in cross section
1. ________: core of loosely arranged cells and air spaces
2. _______: constitutes bulk of the hair; consists of several layers of elongated keratinized cells; types of pigment granules in these cells gives hair color (_________= brown/black; __________= red and blond)
3. _________: composed of multiple layers of very thin, scaly cells that overlap each other; free edges directed upward

Answer 5

1. medulla
2. cortex; eumelanin; pheomelanin
3. cuticle

Question 6

Hair growth and loss
1. _________: active growth phase
2. ________: transition phase
3. ________: resting phase 1
4. _________: resting phase 2

Answer 6

anagen
catagen
telogen
return to anagen

Question 7

Functions of hair
-______________ depends on body region and type of hair
- hair ________ alert us of parasites crawling on skin

Answer 7

hair function
receptors

Question 8

Anatomy of a fingernail
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Answer 8

1. Nail plate
2. Nail fold
3. Nail groove
4. Nail bed
5. Nail matrix
6. Hyponychium
7. Lunule
8. Eponychium

Question 9

Three Modes of Exocrine Secretion
1.
2.
3.

Answer 9

1. eccrine (merocrine)
2. apocrine
3. holocrine

Question 10

Cutaneous (skin) glands
1.
2.
3.

Answer 10

1. Sweat gland (apocrine)
2. Sweat gland (eccrine)
3. Sebaceous gland (holocrine)

Question 11

Apocrine sweat glands
-Inactive until ________
-Groin, anal region, axilla, areola, beard, area in men
-ducts lead to nearby _________
-produce sweat that is ______ and contains ________
-respond to stress and sexual stimulation
-____________: body odor; bacteria & sweat

Answer 11

-puberty
-hair follicles
-milky; fatty acids
-bromhidrosis

Question 12

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands
-most ________ skin glands: around 3-4 million in adult skin
-especially dense on _____, ______ ,and _______
-simple tubular glands
-______________ that helps cool the body

Answer 12

-numerous
-palms, soles, forehead
-watery perspiration

Question 13

___________ cells found in both apocrine and eccrine glands
-they contract from sympathetic nervous system stimulation; ________ perspiration up the duct

Answer 13

myoepithelial; squeeze

Question 14

Sebaceous glands
-_______: oily secretion of sebaceous glands
-keeps skin and hair from becoming dry, brittle, and cracked
-______- sheep sebum
-flask-shaped
-short ducts open to ______
-________ secretion style

Answer 14

-sebum
-lanolin
-hair follicles
-holocrine

Question 15

Mammary glands
-mammary glands are _______ synonymous with breasts
-produce _____
-develop only during ________ and _________
-modified _________ sweat glands
- rich secretion released through ducts opening at ________

Mammary ridges or milk lines
-_____ rows of mammary glands in most mammals
-primates kept only _____ glands, but a few people have additional nipples along the milk line (_________)

Answer 15

NOT
-milk
-pregnancy; lactation
-apocrine
-nipple
-two
-two; polythelia

Question 16

Functions of the Skeleton:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Answer 16

1. protection
2. blood formation
3. Acid-base balance (release buffers)
4. Electrolyte balance (stores and releases minerals)
5. Movement
6. Support
7. Hormone production

Question 17

Two types of bone tissue
1. __________ (cancellous) bone: loosely organized bone tissue; spaces filled with red bone marrow
2. _________ (dense or cortical) bone: dense outer shell of bone

Answer 17

spongy; compact

Question 18

Bone cells
-bone is connective tissue that consist of cells, fibers, and ground substance
Four principal types of bone cells:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Answer 18

1. Osteogenic cells
2. Osteoblasts
3. Osteocytes
4. Osteoclasts

Question 19

Osteoblasts

Answer 19

on bone surface; build (manufacture) bone

Question 20

Osteocytes

Answer 20

former osteoblasts that have become trapped in the matrix they deposited

Question 21

Osteoclasts

Answer 21

chew up bone tissue
-have ruffle border
-happens when body need more calcium
-remodeling of bones
-helpful for wound healing; getting rid of damaged bone

Question 22

Bone Marrow
-soft tissue occupying marrow cavities of long bones and small spaces of spongy bone
-_______ marrow:
-_______ marrow:

Answer 22

-red: create RBCs and WBCs
-yellow: storage of adipose tissue

Question 23

Bone Development
-__________ or ________: the formation of bone
-In the human fetus and infant, bone develops by two methods
1.
2.

Answer 23

ossification; osteogenesis
1. Intramembranous ossification
2. Endochondral ossification