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BIOL 203 > Lecture 23 > Flashcards

Lecture 23 Flashcards

1
Q

Eight structures that sound waves need to traverse from auricle to the inner ear
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

A
  1. Auricle
  2. Auditory canal
  3. Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
  4. Malleus
  5. Incus
  6. Stapes
  7. Oval window
    8.cochlea
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2
Q

Three components that constitute the outer ear
1. ___________: directs sound waves into the auditory canal
2. ___________: links the outer ear to the eardrum
3. ___________: vibrates in response to sound waves

A
  1. Auricle
  2. Auditory canal
  3. Tympanic membrane
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3
Q

__________ originates from a vibrating object and travels in ________ created by the back and forth vibration of the surrounding air molecules

A

sound; waves

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4
Q

Ear wax (__________) secretion helps to _________ and __________ the ear canal and prevent the entry of bacteria, water, and foreign objects

A

cerumen; clean; lubricate

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5
Q

Four components that make up the middle ear:
1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Malleus
  2. Incus
  3. Stapes
  4. Oval window
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6
Q

Ossicles play a role in amplifying vibrations _________ the sound wave pressure because…
- the inner ear consists of a ___________ (not air), so the vibrations must transfer into here

A

increasing; liquid

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7
Q

The two muscles that are associated with the ossicles are the ___________ and __________
- they __________ sound levels by dampening vibration the ossicular chain

A

tensor tympani; stapedius
- attenuate

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8
Q

Aside from the incus, which structure is in contact with the stapes?

A

oval window

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9
Q

In the inner ear, there are two interconnected labyrinths: one is the ______________ labyrinth, which is enclosed by the other, the ____________ labyrinth

A

membranous; bony

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10
Q

Three parts of bony labyrinth:
1. __________: equilibrium
2. __________: equilibrium
3 __________: hearing

A
  1. Semicircular canals
  2. Vestibule
  3. Cochlea
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11
Q

Liquids of labyrinth:
- Where is perilymph located?
- Where is endolymph located?
- Which one is similar to the composition of CSF?

A
  • inside bony labyrinth
  • inside membranous labyrinth
  • perilymph
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12
Q

What makes up the membranous labyrinth?
1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Semicircular ducts
  2. Utricle
  3. Saccule
  4. Cochlear ducts
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13
Q

Three chambers of the cochlea and the liquid present
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Scala Vestibuli: perilymph
  2. Scala Media (cochlear duct): endolymph
  3. Scala Tympani: perilymph
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14
Q

____________= receptor organ for hearing (sensory epithelium)
- located in the ______________ chamber
- two membranes that surrounds it
1. _____________: on top
2. _____________: at the base

A

Organ of Corti
- scala media (cochlear duct)
1. tectorial membrane
2. basilar membrane

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15
Q

The organ of corti consists of ___________ and ___________

A

outer hair cells; inner hair cells

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16
Q

___________: they receive descending inputs from the brain to assist with the modulation of IHC function (20,000 cells)

__________: responsible for hearing transmission

A

outer hair cells; inner hair cells

17
Q

______________ are responsible for converting mechanical vibrations produced by sound into electrical signals and they are located in the ________________. The terms for the conversion process is called ____________________

A

Inner hair cells; Organ of Corti; Mechanotransduction

18
Q

The _____________ movement of the basilar membrane lead to the mechanical bending of the hairs in IHC with the ____________ membrane

A

upward; tectorial

19
Q

___________ mechanical deformation of the hair bundle TOWARDS the longer stereovilli causes the ____________ of mechanosensitive channels at the tips of the stererovilli, which allows ____________ leading to ____________. This activates voltage-sensitive _____ channels, causing release of ______________ with NT—> stimulation of the adjacent sensory neuron

A

Positive; opening; K+ influx; depolarization; Ca2+; synaptic vesicles

20
Q

_____________ movement of the basilar membrane causes negative mechanical deformation. This causes the K+ channels to __________ which leads to _____________ –> no transmission of hearing signal

A

downward; close; hyperpolarization

21
Q

CN ___ (_____________) is responsible for carrying auditory signals from the ear to the brain

Four nuclei associated with the auditory projection pathway in their sequential order
1.
2.
3.
4.

A

VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)
1. Cochlear nucleus
2. Superior olive (medulla)
3. Inferior colliculus
4. Medial geniculate (thalamus)

22
Q

The primary auditory cortex is located in the __________ lobe and it is responsible for conscious perception of sound

A

temporal

23
Q

What makes up the vestibular apparatus (system)?

A

3 semicircular ducts; utricle and saccule (the otolith organs)

24
Q

The sensory receptors of the vestibular system are ______________ ( in the crista and macula). The ________________ nerve is linked to them

A

hair cells; vestibular (part of vestibulocochlear)

25
Q

sensory epithelium found in utricle and saccule=
sensory epithelium found at the end of semicircular canals=

A
  • macula
  • crista ampullaris
26
Q

_________ lays above the receptor cells in crista ampullaris which is gelantionous structure made up of glycoproteins

A

cupula

27
Q

____________: crystals of calcium carbonate embedded in the otolithic membrane
- they are located in the utricle and saccule above receptor cells in the _________ membrane

A

otoliths (or otoconia)
- otolithic

28
Q

The primary function of hair cells in the crista and macula is to monitor __________ position and movement

A

head

29
Q

The vestibular apparatus maintains _________ & awareness of the body’s _______ ____________

A

balance; spatial orientation

30
Q

______________ and ___________: responsible for detecting rotation of the head in different planes

A

semicircular ducts; crista

31
Q

________________: sense head positions
_______________: straight line motions such as when riding in a car or an elevator

  • hair cells in _________ are detect these
A

static equilibrium
linear acceleration
- macula

32
Q
  • The tilt of the head is detected by ____________
    When you tilt your head down to read a book, the ________ gelatinous membrane (containing otoliths) _______ the stererocilia, stimulating hair cells
A
  • macula utriculi
    heavy; bends
33
Q

-The __________ detects linear acceleration and head tilts on the horizontal plane
-The _________ on the vertical plane

A

utricle; saccule

34
Q

Which inner ear structures detects angular acceleration or rotational head movement?

A

Semicircular ducts and crista ampullaris

35
Q

The movement of _____________ through the duct (caused by rotation of the head) will move the stereocilia in the hair cells of the ____________

A

endolymph; ampulla

BIOL 203 (27 decks)

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