Lecture 11 Flashcards
joint (articulation)
any point where two bones meet, whether or not the bones are movable at that interface
joint name
typically derived from the names of the bones involved (e.g. radioulnar joint)
Four major joint categories:
1.
2.
3.
4.
- Bony joints (synostosis)
- Fibrous joints (3 types)
- Cartilaginous joints (2 types)
- Synovial joints
Bony Joints (___________)
-an ________ joint formed when the gap between two bones _______, and the bones become, in effect, a _______ bone
-can occur in either _______ or _________ joint
examples:
-left and right ________ bones in infants
-cranial _______ in elderly
-attachment of first rib and ________ with old age
(synostosis)
-immobile; ossifies; single
-fibrous; cartilaginous
-mandibular; sutures; sternum
Fibrous joints
Type 1: ___________
-________ or slightly ________ fibrous joints in which short _________ fibers bind the bone of the skull to each other
Can be classified as:
-___________: interlocking wavy lines
(aka _______ joint)
examples: coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid sutures
-___________: overlapping beveled edges
(aka ______ joint)
examples: temporal and parietal bones
-__________: straight, non-overlapping edges (aka _______ joint)
examples: palatine processes of the maxillae
Sutures
-immobile; mobile; collagen
-serrate; dovetail
-lap; miter
-plane; butt
Fibrous joints
Type 2: __________
-attachment of a ______ to its socket
-Held in place by fibrous _________ ligament
-_________ fibers attach tooth to ________
- allows tooth to move a little under the stress of __________
gomphoses
-tooth
-periodontal
-collagen; jawbone
-chewing
Fibrous Joints
Type 3: __________
-a fibrous joint at which two bones are bound by long ________ fibers
example (very mobile): interosseous membrane joining ______ to ______ allowing supination and pronation
example (less mobile): joint between ______ and _______
Syndesmoses
-collagen
-radius; ulna
-tibia; fibula
Cartilaginous Joints
Type 1: __________
-bones joined by _________ cartilage
examples:
-temporary joints in the ________ plates in children
-First rib attachment to ________
Synchondroses
-hyaline
-epiphyseal
-sternum
Cartilaginous Joints
Type 2: ___________
-two bones joined by _____________
examples:
-right and left ______ bones with interpubic disc
-bodies of _______ joined by intervertebral discs
-only slight movements between adjacent vertebrae
-collective effect of all ____ disc gives spine considerable flexibility
Symphyses
-fibrocartilage
-pubic
-vertebrae
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In a few synovial joints, fibrocartilage grows inward from the joint capsule:
-___________: forms a pad between articulating bones that crosses the entire joint capsule
-_________: moon-shaped cartilage in knee; in each knee, extend inwards from ______ to _____
-these cartilages absorb ______ and ______
-guide bones across each other and improve their fit together
-stabilize the joints, reducing the chance of _________
-articular disc
-meniscus; left to right; shock; pressure; dislocation
Exercise and Articular Cartilage
-exercise ______ synovial fluid
-cartilage then ____ and provides a more effective _______
-compression allows to squeeze out ______ products from cartilage
-warms
-swells; cushion
-waste
Joints and Lever Systems:
-long bones acts as levers to enhance the ______ or ______ of limb movements
-_________: any elongated, rigid object that rotates around a fixed point called a fulcrum
speed; power
lever
Types of Levers:
1.
2.
3.
- First-class lever
- Second-class lever
- Third-class lever
First-class lever
has fulcrum in the middle between effort and resistance (EFR)
Second-class lever
resistance between fulcrum and effort (FRE)
