Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 - Semester 2 ANAT 316 > Lecture 8: The Ear > Flashcards

Lecture 8: The Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Divisions of the ear

A

External, Middle, Internal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does the external ear consist of

A

-auricle
-external acoustic meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Auricle

A

-made of cartilage
-captures waves and sound
-sounds from behind are blocked but other sounds are funnelled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

External Acoustic Meatus

A

-from auricle to tympanic membrane
-lateral 2/3 is cartilage
-medial 1/3 is temporal bone
-directs sound waves into ear
-contains hairs to trap debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where is the ceruminous glands

A

external acoustic meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what do the ceruminous glands do

A

produce waxy material that prevents entry of objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where does the external ear end

A

tympanic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

purpose of tympanic membrane

A

-separates external and middle ear
-vibrates in response to incoming sound waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

features of middle ear

A

-tympanic membrane
-Eustachian tube
-auditory ossicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

functions of middle ear

A

-collect and amplify sound waves
-transmits sound to internal ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pharyngotympanic Tube

A

-connects nose, ear and throat
-equalizes pressure between both sides of tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Otitis media

A

-swelling
-redness
-pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where do microorganisms enter

A

eustachian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

three auditory ossicles

A

malleus, incus, stapes
*connect tymp membrane and inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

samllest bone in body

A

stapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does stapes connect to

A

internal ear via oval window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

purpose of bony ossicles

A

amplify sound via vibration of oval window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

muscles of the middle ear

A

-tensor tympani
-stapedius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

purpose of muscles of inner ear

A

-prevent excessive vibration of the bony ossicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tensor tympani function

A

pulls on malleus therefore increases stiffness at the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Stapedius function

A

pulls on stapes, reducing movment at oval window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Oval window

A

-stapes pushes against oval window to transmit sound waves to internal ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Round Window

A

helps sound waves travel through internal ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Internal ear functions

A

sensations of hearing and balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

where is the inner ear encased

A

temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the internal ear composed of?

A

-Bony Labrinth
-Membranous Labrinth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Purpose of Bony and Membranous labyrinths?

A

protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what fluid does the bony labyrinth encase?

A

perilymph (flows between bony and membranous labyrinth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what fluid does the membranous labyrinth encase?

A

Endolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What does the bony labyrinth consist of?

A

-cochlea
-vestibule
-3 semicircular canals

31
Q

what does the membranous labyrinth consist of?

A

cochlea/chochlear duct

32
Q

Cochlea

A

-sensory organ for hearing
-sound travels through fluid as pressure waves here
-sends sound information to the brain

33
Q

vestibule contents

A

utricle and saccule

34
Q

what role do the utricle and saccule play

A

hearing and equilibrium

35
Q

what does the vestibule detect?

A

-head position
-gravity
-linear acceleration

36
Q

purpose of vestibule

A

maintains stability and pressure

37
Q

semicircular canals contain…

A

semicircular ducts

38
Q

purpose of semicircular canals

A

-detects motion in 3 planes
-maintains balance

39
Q

Sensory hair cells

A

-cells with hair-like projections (stereocilia)
-detect motion
-hearing and balance

40
Q

stereocilia

A

detect motion when hair cells are bent via external stimuli

41
Q

which portion of the cochlea contains endolymph?

A

the cochlear duct (fluid in membranous labyrinth)

42
Q

Amplitude

A

-height of sound wave
-volume of sound
-measured in decibels (dB)

43
Q

Frequency

A

-how close together waves are
-pitch of sound
-measured in Hertz

44
Q

Sound transmission overview

A
  1. sound waves transmitted through external ear to tympanic membrane
  2. vibrations pass through ossicles of middle ear
  3. Stapes pushes against oval window and sound waves are transmitted to cochlea
45
Q

scala vestibuli and scala tympani are connected and continuous via

A

Helicotrema

46
Q

wha runs between the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani

A

the cochlear duct

47
Q

volume is determined by

A

how many hair cells are stimulated

48
Q

pitch is determine by

A

which parts of the cochlear duct are stimulated

high pitch=shorter distance of travel
low pitch=longer distance of travel (all the way to Helicotrema)

49
Q

where is the sensory organ of Corti located

A

in the cochlea

50
Q

tecotrial membrane (located in organ of corti)

A

stays in place and is stimulated by pressure waves

51
Q

where do hair cells sit

A

on the basilar membrane

52
Q

when waves in perilymph move basilar membrane up and down what happens?

A

stereocilia of hair cells are pushed against and pulled away from tectorial membrane

53
Q

innervation of the ear

A

CN VIII; vestibulocochlear

54
Q

Overall process of hearing

A
  1. Sound waves cause vibration of the tympanic memebrane
  2. Movement of tympanic membrane
  3. Stapes pushing against oval window causes waves in perilymph
  4. waves of perilymph push against basilar membrane as they travel through the cochlea
  5. hair cells push against tectorial membrane and bending causes transmission of neural signal
  6. impluses travel to CNA via cochlear branch of CN VIII
55
Q

Conductive Hearing Loss

A

-external or middle ear
-usually temporary

56
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

-inner ear/nerve pathway
-usually permanent

57
Q

Dynamic equilibrium

A

maintaining balance when head and body are moved suddenly

58
Q

dynamic equilibrium is sensed by

A

semicircular ducts

59
Q

Static equilibrium is sensed by

A

saccule and utricle

60
Q

static equilibrium

A

maintaining posture and stability when body is motionless

61
Q

which semicircular canal response to head shaking no

A

lateral

62
Q

which semicircular canal responds to head moving side to side

A

posterior

63
Q

which semicircular canal responds to nodding head yes

A

anterior

64
Q

Each duct contains a

A

ampulla (swollen region containing sensory receptors)

65
Q

What is cristae ampullaris

A

-hair cells clustered together on parts of the ampulla

66
Q

what is cupula

A

-sensory hair cells embedded in gelatinous mass

67
Q

what pushes against cupula to push and stimulate hair cells

A

endolymph

68
Q

Steps of sensing rotational movement

A
  1. head rotates and causes movement of endolymph
  2. semicircular canal rotates with the head and endolymph sloshes against cupula
  3. Displacement of cupula distorts the sensory hair cells
  4. Nerve impulsles are transmtted during this
69
Q

Utricle senses

A

horizontal acceleration

70
Q

Saccule senses

A

Vertical acceleration

71
Q

membranous sacs filled with

A

endolymph

72
Q

when head tilts, otoliths move therefore…

A

shifts mass and hair cells detect stimuli

73
Q

otoliths are

A

crystals, they are heavy and lag behind

74
Q
A

Year 2 - Semester 2 ANAT 316 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions