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Year 2 - Semester 2 ANAT 316 > Lecture 7: Orbit and eye > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Orbit and eye Flashcards

1
Q

Bones that makeup the bony orbit

A

-frontal
-sphenoid
-ethmoid
-lacrimal
-Palatine
-Maxilla
-zygomatic

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2
Q

foramen in the bony orbit

A

-superior orbital fissure
-inferior orbital fissure
-optic canal

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3
Q

3 layers of the eye

A

outer fibrous layer, middle vascular layer and inner neural layer

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4
Q

wha is the outer fibrous layer composed of

A

Sclera and cornea

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5
Q

what is the middle vascular composed of

A

Uvea: Iris, ciliary body, and choroid

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6
Q

what is the inner neural layer composed of

A

Retina

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7
Q

what colour is sclera

A

white

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8
Q

Cornea

A

-first refraction of light entering eye
-directs light to lens
-avascular

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9
Q

Sclera

A

-supportive outer white layer
-attachment site for extraocular muscles
-covered by mucous membranes (conjunctiva) to lubricate eye
-vascular

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10
Q

Limbus

A

-transition zone between cornea and sclera

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11
Q

what does the cilairy body do

A

-produces aqueous humour
-contains siliary muscles
-helps focus lens using zonular fibres and ciliary muscles

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12
Q

Iris

A

-contains pupillary dilator and sphincter muscles
-controls pupil size depending on light and nervous system signals

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13
Q

Lens

A

-focuses light on retina

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14
Q

what muscles adjust to things near or far

A

ciliary muscles

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15
Q

what happens to lens when ciliary muscle is relaxed

A

zonule fibres tighten, pulling lens flattened for focusing on distant objects

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16
Q

what happens to lens when ciliary muscles contract

A

zonule relaxes, lens rounded for focusing on close objects and refracting more light

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17
Q

what happens when you view a distant object

A
  1. ciliary muscles relax
  2. Zonular fibres tighten
  3. lens flattens
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18
Q

what happens when you view a near object

A
  1. ciliary muscles contract
  2. Zonular fibres relax
  3. lens thickens/rounds
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19
Q

true or false: when viewing near objects, the ciliary muscles contract, which relaxes the zonular fibres and thickens the lens

A

true

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20
Q

Iris colour is determined by what

A

colour is determined by amount of melanin

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21
Q

Sphincter Pupillae

A

-concentric muscle fibres
-constricts pupils when contracted
-PNS (stops light coming in)

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22
Q

DIlator Pupillae

A

-muscle fibres run longitudinally
towards margins of iris
-enlarges pupil when contracted
-sympathetic NS (helps light in)

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23
Q

what happens to eye when SNS signals sent OR in dim light

A

dilator pupil contracts

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24
Q

what happens to eye when PNS signals sent OR in bright light

A

sphincter puppilae contract

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25
Q

Choroid

A

-nourises retina
-maintains eye temp and volume

26
Q

Retina

A

captures light to send to brain

27
Q

where is the sharpest vision

A

fovea bc most photoreceptor cells are here

28
Q

Macula (fovea in center)

A

most photoreceptor cells here

29
Q

Optic Disc

A

-where optic nerve exits the eye (optic nerve is made by retinal axons)
-blind spot -no photoreceptors

30
Q

Ora Serrata

A

-anterior border of retina

31
Q

Optic Nerve

A

CN II: accumulation of retinal axons

32
Q

what layer is the sclera and cornea in

A

outer fibrous layer

33
Q

what layer is the iris, choroid and ciliary body in

A

middle vascular layer

34
Q

what layer is the retina in

A

inner neural layer

35
Q

Chambers of the eye

A

-Anterior Chamber
-Posterior Chamber
-Vitreous chamber

36
Q

what chambers does the anterior cavity consist of

A

-anterior chamber
-posterior chamber

37
Q

what chamber does the posterior cavity consist of

A

vitreous chamber (largest)

38
Q

anterior chamber position

A

posterior to cornea but anterior to iris

39
Q

posterior chamber position

A

posterior to iris but anterior to lens

40
Q

vitreous chamber position

A

posterior to lens but anterior to retina

41
Q

what is the anterior chamber filled with

A

aqueous humour

42
Q

what is the posterior chamber important for

A

production and circulation of aqueous humour

43
Q

aqueous humour purpose

A

-maintains ocular eye pressure
-replaced every 90 minutes

44
Q

contents of vitreous chamber

A

filled with gel-like vitreous humour

45
Q

purpose of vitreous humour

A

-maintains eye shape
-nourishes eye
-attached to retina firmly
-makes up about 80% of eye volume
-does not regenerate

46
Q

which muscle is responsible for opening the eyelid

A

levator palpebrae superioris

47
Q

where does the superior oblique sit in the orbit

A

medially

48
Q

which extraocular muscle does not originate with the rest

A

inferior oblique

49
Q

extraocular muscles

A

-superior recuts
-lateral recuts
-inferior oblique
-inferior rectus
-medial rectus
-superior oblique
-levator palpebrae superioris

50
Q

what does the superior oblique wrap through

A

the trochlea

51
Q

what CN enter the eye orbit

A

trochlear, abduces, optic and oculomotor

52
Q

which way does the superior rectus pull the eye

A

up

53
Q

which way does the lateral rectus pull the eye

A

rolls eye laterally

54
Q

which way does the inferior oblique pull the eye

A

up and out

55
Q

which way does the inferior rectus pull the eye

A

rolls eye down

56
Q

which way does the medial rectus pull the eye

A

rolls eye medially

57
Q

which way does the superior oblique pull the eye

A

down and out

58
Q

WHich muscles are innervated by the oculomotor nerve

A

medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior oblique, and inferior rectus

59
Q

which muscles are NOT innervated by the oculomotor nerve

A

-Lateral rectus (abducens)
-Superior Oblique (trochlear)

60
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus

A

-system of glands and ducts
-produces and drains lacrimal fluid

61
Q

lacrimal fluid

A

-lubricates eye surface
-removes debris from eye
-amount 1mL produced each day

62
Q

path of lacrimal apparatus

A
  1. Lacrimal gland
  2. Excretory lacrimal ducts
  3. superior and inferior puncta (via blinking)
  4. Superior and inferior lacrimal canaliculi
  5. Lacrimal Sac
  6. Nasolacrimal duct

Year 2 - Semester 2 ANAT 316 (21 decks)

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