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Year 2 - Semester 2 ANAT 316 > Lecture 19: GI III > Flashcards

Lecture 19: GI III Flashcards

1
Q

Accessory digestive organs

A

-liver
-gallbladder
-pancreas
-salivary glands

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2
Q

purpose of accessory digestive organs

A

-produce, store and secrete digestive enzymes and buffers

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3
Q

Liver

A

-largest visceral organ

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4
Q

functions of liver

A
  1. Metabolic
  2. Hematological
  3. Digestive
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5
Q

metabolic purpose of liver

A

hepatocytes regulate circulating levels of nutrients; remove metabolic waste and toxins

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6
Q

Hematological purpose of liver

A

acts as a blood resivoir, filters circulating debris

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7
Q

digestive purpose of liver

A

synthesizes and secretes bile

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8
Q

location of the liver

A

immediately inferior to the diaphragm, in the right upper abdomen. the liver sits superior and lateral to the stomach, right kidney and intestines

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9
Q

Surfaces of the liver

A

-diaphragmatic
-visceral

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10
Q

diaphragmatic surface of the liver

A

-superior and anterior surfaces, smooth and follows curve of diaphragm and body wall

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11
Q

Bare area of liver

A

area of liver in direct contact with the diaphragm, no visceral peritoneum

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12
Q

visceral surface of the liver

A

posterior and inferior surfaces, has impressions from the stomach, small intestine, right kidney, and large intestine

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13
Q

Lobes of the liver

A

-right
-left
-caudate lobe
-quadrate lobe

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14
Q

Ligaments of the Liver

A

-Falciform ligament
-coronary ligament
-right & left triangular ligaments
-round ligament

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15
Q

Falciform ligament

A

attaches liver to anterior body wall and divides the liver into L & R lobes

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16
Q

Coronary ligament

A

suspends liver from the diaphragm

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17
Q

R & L triangular ligaments

A

on superior aspect, towards lateral body wall

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18
Q

Round Ligament

A

thickening of inferior margin of falciform ligament, embryological remnant of umbilical vein

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19
Q

Purpose of the gallbladder

A

-stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver

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20
Q

purpose of bile

A

-helps in the digestion of dietary lipids through emulsification

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21
Q

location of the gallbladder

A

-hollow, pear shaped muscular sac on the right visceral surface of the liver
-lateral to stomach
-closely related to duodenum

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22
Q

Parts of the gallbladder (4)

A
  1. Cystic duct
  2. Neck
  3. Infundibulum
  4. Fundus
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23
Q

ducts that connect the liver and gallbladder

A

-R&L hepatic duct
-common hepatic duct
-cystic duct
-common bile duct

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24
Q

what combines to form the common hepatic duct

A

L&R hepatic ducts

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25
Q

what combines to form the common bile duct

A

common hepatic duct and the cystic duct

26
Q

where does the common bile duct empty

A

duodenum

27
Q

Gallbladder arterial supply

A

cystic artery (branch of hepatic artery proper)

28
Q

Gallbladder venous drainage

A

cystic vein into the hepatic portal vein

29
Q

contents of the porta hepatis

A

-hepatic portal vein
-hepatic artery proper
-common hepatic duct

30
Q

what is the porta hepatis

A

hilium of the liver

31
Q

BS & VD of the liver

A

BS: hepatic artery proper
VD: hepatic portal vein

32
Q

origin of the artery in porta hepatis

A

abdominal aorta > celiac trunk > common hepatic artery > hepatic artery proper

33
Q

origin of the vein in porta hepatis

A

union of the: SMV & splenic vein, poaterior to the pancreas form the hepatic portal vein

34
Q

the hepatic portal vein carries blood from the

A

-small intestine
-large intestine
-stomach
-pancreas
-gallbladder
-spleen

35
Q

Hepatic portal system

A

-connection between two capillary beds
-nutrient rich venous blood drains from the stomach and intestines and travels to the liver for processing

36
Q

steps of hepatic portal system

A
  1. small intestine absorbs products of digestion
  2. Nutrient molecules travel in hepatic portal vein to liver
  3. Liver monitors blood content
  4. Blood enters general circulation by way of the hepatic veins, which empty into the IVC
37
Q

Processing at the liver

A

-lobules are the functional unit of the liver
-hexagonal
-at the center of each lobule there is a central vein
at each corner theres a portal area containnig a portal triad

38
Q

which direction does blood flow

A

toward the central vein

38
Q

the portal area contains the triad of:

A

-a small brach of the hepatic portal vein
-a small branch of the hepatic artery proper
-a bile duct

39
Q

what happens as blood flows towards the center of the portal area

A

hepatocytes absorb and secrete substances, altering the blood entering systemic circulation

40
Q

central veins coalesce into

A

hepatic veins

41
Q

path from hepatic veins

A

filteres blood passes from central veins to hepatic veins, drains into the IVC, emptying into right atrium of heart

42
Q

path of alcohol consumption

A
  1. alcohol passes from the oral cavity into esophagus then stomach
  2. Stomach and small intestine absorb alcohol
  3. hepatic portal venin carries blood to liver
  4. enzymes metabolize alcohol in the liver
  5. Hepatic veins carry the blood to the IVC and go back into systemic cuirculation
43
Q

what direction does bile flow

A

towards portal areas (opposite to blood)

44
Q

what produces bile

A

hepatocytes

45
Q

what does bile enter at edge of portal area

A

bile duct branch

46
Q

path of bile in liver lobule

A
  1. hepatocytes produce bile
  2. Bile canaliculi carry bile to the bile duct of the closest portal area
  3. bile duct leads to the rest of the duct system
47
Q

hepatic artery proper

A

delivers oxygenated blood to the liver

48
Q

hepatic portal vein

A

delivers deoxygenated, but nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract

49
Q

common hepatic duct

A

carries bile produced by the liver away

50
Q

exocrine funcitons of the pancreas

A

-produces digestive enzymes and alkaline buffers to neutralize acidic chyme
-duct system within pancreas carries the fluid to the duodenum

51
Q

endocrine function of pancreas

A

-produce hormones like insulin

52
Q

substance secretions exocrine vs endocrine

A

exocrine: substances are secreted into duct system to an epithelial surface

endocrine: susstances are secreted into interstitial fluid and then into the blood stream

53
Q

appearance of pancreas

A

-15cm
-pink/grey colour

54
Q

location of pancreas

A

-posterior to stomach
-head of pancrease is punched in curve of duodenum
-extends left towards the spleen

55
Q

features of the pancreas

A
  1. accessory pancreatic duct
  2. pancreatic duct
  3. ucinate process
56
Q

BS & VD to the pancreas

A

BS: branche sof the splenic artery and the pancreaticduodenal artery

VD: splenic vein

57
Q

where are secretions from the gallbladder and pancreas transported

A

the duodenum via duct systems

58
Q

fluid enters the duodenum via

A

papilla (major and minor)

59
Q

minor papilla

A

only pancrease fluid enters here (from accessory pancreatic duct)

60
Q

what empties into the ampulla of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla

A

pancreatic duct & common bile duct

61
Q
A

Year 2 - Semester 2 ANAT 316 (21 decks)

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