Lecture 10: Pharynx and Larynx Flashcards by Elle Chapman

Internal nares

Choanae

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External Nares

Nostrils

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Function of the Pharynx

-shared passageway for air and food
-resonating chamber for speech sounds
-houses the tonsils, serving immunological functions

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Divisions of the Pharynx

-Nasopharynx (superior portion)
-Oropharynx (middle portion)
-Laryngopharynx (inferior portion)

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Superior border of the nasopharynx

choanae

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posterior border of the nasopharynx

vertebral bodies

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anterior/inferior border of nasopharynx

soft palate & oropharynx

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soft palate

-forms posterior roof of mouth
-arch-shaped muscular partition between nasopharynx and oropharynx

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soft palate: swallowing

contracts to close the nasopharynx when swallowing

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Eustachian Tube

-a narrow passage between the nasopharynx and the middle ear
-allows air exchange between these areas

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Adenoid

-patch of lymphoid tissue on the superior posterior wall of nasopharynx
-atrophies and shrinks significantly in adulthood

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Superior border of oropharynx

nasopharynx

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inferior border of oropharynx

laryngopharynx

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posterior border of oropharynx

vertebral bodies

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anterior border of oropharynx

throat(fauces)/oral cavity

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nasopharynx function

respiratory

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oropharynx function

respiratory and digestion

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Oropharyngeal tonsils

-patches of lymphoid tissue
-Lingual tonsils
-palatine tonsils

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superior border of laryngopharynx

oropharynx

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inferior border of laryngopharynx

larynx & espohagus

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posterior border of larygopharynx

vertebral bodies

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laryngopharynx functions

respiratory and digestion

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key features of laryngopharynx

-laryngeal inlet
-piriform fossae

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Laryngeal inlet

entrance to larynx

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piriform fossa

groove on either side of the laryngeal inlet

Pharynx epithelium

nasopharynx: pseudostratified ciliated columnar oropharynx & laryngopharynx: nonkeratinized stratified squamous epiethlium

Pharyngeal muscles: outer circular layer

-superior constrictor (4) -middle consrtictor(2) -Inferior constrictor (2)

Superior constrictor muscles location

surrounding the oropharynx

superior constrictor muscles function

constricts the upper portion of the pharynx to facilitate swallowing

Middle constrictor muscles location

surrounds the laryngopharynx

middle constrictor muscles function

constricts the middle portion of the pharynx to facilitate swallowing

inferior constrictor mucles location

surrounds the larynopharynx

inferior constrictor muscles function

constricts the lower portion of the pharynxx to facilitate swallowing AND forms the upper espohageal sphincter

pharangeal raphe

white groove where the muscles attach to medially.

Motor innervation to pharynx

Vagus nerve

sensory innervation to pharynx

glossopharangeal nerve

Larynx

short passageway that connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea -anterior to C4-C7

FUnction of Larynx

-valve to close trachea -voice production

cartilage structure of larynx

-epiglottis -thyroid cartilage -arytenoid cartilage x2 -cricoid cartilage

Thyroid cartilage

-largest cartilage of the larynx -forms upper and anterior walls -two fused plates of hyaline cartilage

functionof thyroid cartilage

protect and support vocal cords

adams apple

laryngral prominence

Epiglottis

-elastic cartilage -covered with epithelium -stalk is attached to thyroid

function of epiglottis

closes off larynx during swallowing

Cricoid cartilage

-ring of hyaline cartilage -forms inferior wall of larynx

function of cricoid cartilage

-maintains airway opening

what is the landmark for making an emergency airway

cricoid cartilage

Arytenoid cartilage

-triangular pieces of mostly hayline cartilage -sits on cricoid cartilage

function of arytenoid cartilage

-influence movement (tension and relaxation) of vocal folds

Extrinsic laryngeal ligaments

-thyroid membrane -medial thyroid ligaments -lateral thyroid ligaments -cricotracheal ligament

intrinsic ligaments of the larynx

-cricothyroid ligament

purpose of laryngeal ligaments

support the cartilaginous skeleton of the larynx

function of extrinsic ligaments

attach larynx to external structures

function of intrinisc ligaments

attaches cartilages to larynx

what connects the hyoid bone to thyroid cartilage

thyrohyoid membrane

what connects cricoid cartilage anad thyroid

cricothyroid ligament

the mucous membrane of the larynx forms two pairs of folds:

-ventricular folds (superior) -vocal folds (inferior)

ventricular folds

-false vocal cords -protects the vocal folds

vocal folds

-true vocal cords -principal structure of voice production

what makes up the cavity of the larynx

-vestibule -glottis -rima glottidis -infraglottic cavity -trachea

vestibule location

from inlet to vestibular folds

glottis location

-from vestibular folds to vocal folds

rima glottidis location

-gap between vocal folds

infraglottic cavity location

-below vocal folds

vocal cords during respiration

abduct/open to allow passage of air

vocal cords during swallowing

adduct/close to prevent food/liquid from entering

vocal coords during phonation

adduct and alter tension

Laryngeal muscle funcions

-control the shape of the rima glottidis -control the length and tension of the vocal cords

laryngeal muscles

-cricothyroid -thyroarytenoid -posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid -transverse & oblique arytenoid

cricothyroid function

-stretches and tenses the vocal ligament -known as the singers muscle as it alters the tone of voice

Thyroarytenoid function

relax the vocal ligament

Posterior & lateral cricoarytenoid functions

posterior: abduct vocal folds & widens rima glottidis Lateral: adducts the vocal folds & narrows the rima glottidis

transverse and olique arytenoid functions

-adduct the arytenoid cartilage -narrows the rima glottidis to modulate tone and volume of speech

innervation of the larynx

-superior laryngeal nerve -recurrent laryngeal nerve

superior laryngeal nerve

branches into internal and external laryngeal nerves

internal laryngeal nerve

supplies sensory innervation to above vocal cords

external laryngeal nerve

supplie smotor innervation to cricothyroid

recurrent laryngeal nerve

supplies sensory information to below vocal cords and motor innervation to everything except cricothyroid