Lecture 10: Pharynx and Larynx Flashcards
Internal nares
Choanae
External Nares
Nostrils
Function of the Pharynx
-shared passageway for air and food
-resonating chamber for speech sounds
-houses the tonsils, serving immunological functions
Divisions of the Pharynx
-Nasopharynx (superior portion)
-Oropharynx (middle portion)
-Laryngopharynx (inferior portion)
Superior border of the nasopharynx
choanae
posterior border of the nasopharynx
vertebral bodies
anterior/inferior border of nasopharynx
soft palate & oropharynx
soft palate
-forms posterior roof of mouth
-arch-shaped muscular partition between nasopharynx and oropharynx
soft palate: swallowing
contracts to close the nasopharynx when swallowing
Eustachian Tube
-a narrow passage between the nasopharynx and the middle ear
-allows air exchange between these areas
Adenoid
-patch of lymphoid tissue on the superior posterior wall of nasopharynx
-atrophies and shrinks significantly in adulthood
Superior border of oropharynx
nasopharynx
inferior border of oropharynx
laryngopharynx
posterior border of oropharynx
vertebral bodies
anterior border of oropharynx
throat(fauces)/oral cavity
nasopharynx function
respiratory
oropharynx function
respiratory and digestion
Oropharyngeal tonsils
-patches of lymphoid tissue
-Lingual tonsils
-palatine tonsils
superior border of laryngopharynx
oropharynx
inferior border of laryngopharynx
larynx & espohagus
posterior border of larygopharynx
vertebral bodies
laryngopharynx functions
respiratory and digestion
key features of laryngopharynx
-laryngeal inlet
-piriform fossae
Laryngeal inlet
entrance to larynx
piriform fossa
groove on either side of the laryngeal inlet
Pharynx epithelium
nasopharynx: pseudostratified ciliated columnar
oropharynx & laryngopharynx: nonkeratinized stratified squamous epiethlium
Pharyngeal muscles: outer circular layer
-superior constrictor (4)
-middle consrtictor(2)
-Inferior constrictor (2)
Superior constrictor muscles location
surrounding the oropharynx
superior constrictor muscles function
constricts the upper portion of the pharynx to facilitate swallowing
Middle constrictor muscles location
surrounds the laryngopharynx
middle constrictor muscles function
constricts the middle portion of the pharynx to facilitate swallowing
inferior constrictor mucles location
surrounds the larynopharynx
inferior constrictor muscles function
constricts the lower portion of the pharynxx to facilitate swallowing AND forms the upper espohageal sphincter
pharangeal raphe
white groove where the muscles attach to medially.
Motor innervation to pharynx
Vagus nerve
sensory innervation to pharynx
glossopharangeal nerve
Larynx
short passageway that connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea
-anterior to C4-C7
FUnction of Larynx
-valve to close trachea
-voice production
cartilage structure of larynx
-epiglottis
-thyroid cartilage
-arytenoid cartilage x2
-cricoid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
-largest cartilage of the larynx
-forms upper and anterior walls
-two fused plates of hyaline cartilage
functionof thyroid cartilage
protect and support vocal cords
adams apple
laryngral prominence
Epiglottis
-elastic cartilage
-covered with epithelium
-stalk is attached to thyroid
function of epiglottis
closes off larynx during swallowing
Cricoid cartilage
-ring of hyaline cartilage
-forms inferior wall of larynx
function of cricoid cartilage
-maintains airway opening
what is the landmark for making an emergency airway
cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
-triangular pieces of mostly hayline cartilage
-sits on cricoid cartilage
function of arytenoid cartilage
-influence movement (tension and relaxation) of vocal folds
Extrinsic laryngeal ligaments
-thyroid membrane
-medial thyroid ligaments
-lateral thyroid ligaments
-cricotracheal ligament
intrinsic ligaments of the larynx
-cricothyroid ligament
purpose of laryngeal ligaments
support the cartilaginous skeleton of the larynx
function of extrinsic ligaments
attach larynx to external structures
function of intrinisc ligaments
attaches cartilages to larynx
what connects the hyoid bone to thyroid cartilage
thyrohyoid membrane
what connects cricoid cartilage anad thyroid
cricothyroid ligament
the mucous membrane of the larynx forms two pairs of folds:
-ventricular folds (superior)
-vocal folds (inferior)
ventricular folds
-false vocal cords
-protects the vocal folds
vocal folds
-true vocal cords
-principal structure of voice production
what makes up the cavity of the larynx
-vestibule
-glottis
-rima glottidis
-infraglottic cavity
-trachea
vestibule location
from inlet to vestibular folds
glottis location
-from vestibular folds to vocal folds
rima glottidis location
-gap between vocal folds
infraglottic cavity location
-below vocal folds
vocal cords during respiration
abduct/open to allow passage of air
vocal cords during swallowing
adduct/close to prevent food/liquid from entering
vocal coords during phonation
adduct and alter tension
Laryngeal muscle funcions
-control the shape of the rima glottidis
-control the length and tension of the vocal cords
laryngeal muscles
-cricothyroid
-thyroarytenoid
-posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid
-transverse & oblique arytenoid
cricothyroid function
-stretches and tenses the vocal ligament
-known as the singers muscle as it alters the tone of voice
Thyroarytenoid function
relax the vocal ligament
Posterior & lateral cricoarytenoid functions
posterior: abduct vocal folds & widens rima glottidis
Lateral: adducts the vocal folds & narrows the rima glottidis
transverse and olique arytenoid functions
-adduct the arytenoid cartilage
-narrows the rima glottidis to modulate tone and volume of speech
innervation of the larynx
-superior laryngeal nerve
-recurrent laryngeal nerve
superior laryngeal nerve
branches into internal and external laryngeal nerves
internal laryngeal nerve
supplies sensory innervation to above vocal cords
external laryngeal nerve
supplie smotor innervation to cricothyroid
recurrent laryngeal nerve
supplies sensory information to below vocal cords and motor innervation to everything except cricothyroid
