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Year 2 - Semester 2 ANAT 316 > Lecture 10: Pharynx and Larynx > Flashcards

Lecture 10: Pharynx and Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

Internal nares

A

Choanae

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2
Q

External Nares

A

Nostrils

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3
Q

Function of the Pharynx

A

-shared passageway for air and food
-resonating chamber for speech sounds
-houses the tonsils, serving immunological functions

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4
Q

Divisions of the Pharynx

A

-Nasopharynx (superior portion)
-Oropharynx (middle portion)
-Laryngopharynx (inferior portion)

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5
Q

Superior border of the nasopharynx

A

choanae

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6
Q

posterior border of the nasopharynx

A

vertebral bodies

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7
Q

anterior/inferior border of nasopharynx

A

soft palate & oropharynx

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8
Q

soft palate

A

-forms posterior roof of mouth
-arch-shaped muscular partition between nasopharynx and oropharynx

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9
Q

soft palate: swallowing

A

contracts to close the nasopharynx when swallowing

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10
Q

Eustachian Tube

A

-a narrow passage between the nasopharynx and the middle ear
-allows air exchange between these areas

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11
Q

Adenoid

A

-patch of lymphoid tissue on the superior posterior wall of nasopharynx
-atrophies and shrinks significantly in adulthood

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12
Q

Superior border of oropharynx

A

nasopharynx

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13
Q

inferior border of oropharynx

A

laryngopharynx

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14
Q

posterior border of oropharynx

A

vertebral bodies

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15
Q

anterior border of oropharynx

A

throat(fauces)/oral cavity

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16
Q

nasopharynx function

A

respiratory

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17
Q

oropharynx function

A

respiratory and digestion

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18
Q

Oropharyngeal tonsils

A

-patches of lymphoid tissue
-Lingual tonsils
-palatine tonsils

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19
Q

superior border of laryngopharynx

A

oropharynx

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20
Q

inferior border of laryngopharynx

A

larynx & espohagus

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21
Q

posterior border of larygopharynx

A

vertebral bodies

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22
Q

laryngopharynx functions

A

respiratory and digestion

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23
Q

key features of laryngopharynx

A

-laryngeal inlet
-piriform fossae

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24
Q

Laryngeal inlet

A

entrance to larynx

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25
Q

piriform fossa

A

groove on either side of the laryngeal inlet

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26
Q

Pharynx epithelium

A

nasopharynx: pseudostratified ciliated columnar

oropharynx & laryngopharynx: nonkeratinized stratified squamous epiethlium

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27
Q

Pharyngeal muscles: outer circular layer

A

-superior constrictor (4)
-middle consrtictor(2)
-Inferior constrictor (2)

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28
Q

Superior constrictor muscles location

A

surrounding the oropharynx

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29
Q

superior constrictor muscles function

A

constricts the upper portion of the pharynx to facilitate swallowing

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30
Q

Middle constrictor muscles location

A

surrounds the laryngopharynx

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31
Q

middle constrictor muscles function

A

constricts the middle portion of the pharynx to facilitate swallowing

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32
Q

inferior constrictor mucles location

A

surrounds the larynopharynx

33
Q

inferior constrictor muscles function

A

constricts the lower portion of the pharynxx to facilitate swallowing AND forms the upper espohageal sphincter

34
Q

pharangeal raphe

A

white groove where the muscles attach to medially.

35
Q

Motor innervation to pharynx

A

Vagus nerve

36
Q

sensory innervation to pharynx

A

glossopharangeal nerve

37
Q

Larynx

A

short passageway that connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea
-anterior to C4-C7

38
Q

FUnction of Larynx

A

-valve to close trachea
-voice production

39
Q

cartilage structure of larynx

A

-epiglottis
-thyroid cartilage
-arytenoid cartilage x2
-cricoid cartilage

40
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

-largest cartilage of the larynx
-forms upper and anterior walls
-two fused plates of hyaline cartilage

41
Q

functionof thyroid cartilage

A

protect and support vocal cords

42
Q

adams apple

A

laryngral prominence

43
Q

Epiglottis

A

-elastic cartilage
-covered with epithelium
-stalk is attached to thyroid

44
Q

function of epiglottis

A

closes off larynx during swallowing

45
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

-ring of hyaline cartilage
-forms inferior wall of larynx

46
Q

function of cricoid cartilage

A

-maintains airway opening

47
Q

what is the landmark for making an emergency airway

A

cricoid cartilage

48
Q

Arytenoid cartilage

A

-triangular pieces of mostly hayline cartilage
-sits on cricoid cartilage

49
Q

function of arytenoid cartilage

A

-influence movement (tension and relaxation) of vocal folds

50
Q

Extrinsic laryngeal ligaments

A

-thyroid membrane
-medial thyroid ligaments
-lateral thyroid ligaments
-cricotracheal ligament

51
Q

intrinsic ligaments of the larynx

A

-cricothyroid ligament

52
Q

purpose of laryngeal ligaments

A

support the cartilaginous skeleton of the larynx

53
Q

function of extrinsic ligaments

A

attach larynx to external structures

54
Q

function of intrinisc ligaments

A

attaches cartilages to larynx

55
Q

what connects the hyoid bone to thyroid cartilage

A

thyrohyoid membrane

56
Q

what connects cricoid cartilage anad thyroid

A

cricothyroid ligament

57
Q

the mucous membrane of the larynx forms two pairs of folds:

A

-ventricular folds (superior)
-vocal folds (inferior)

58
Q

ventricular folds

A

-false vocal cords
-protects the vocal folds

59
Q

vocal folds

A

-true vocal cords
-principal structure of voice production

60
Q

what makes up the cavity of the larynx

A

-vestibule
-glottis
-rima glottidis
-infraglottic cavity
-trachea

61
Q

vestibule location

A

from inlet to vestibular folds

62
Q

glottis location

A

-from vestibular folds to vocal folds

63
Q

rima glottidis location

A

-gap between vocal folds

64
Q

infraglottic cavity location

A

-below vocal folds

65
Q

vocal cords during respiration

A

abduct/open to allow passage of air

66
Q

vocal cords during swallowing

A

adduct/close to prevent food/liquid from entering

67
Q

vocal coords during phonation

A

adduct and alter tension

68
Q

Laryngeal muscle funcions

A

-control the shape of the rima glottidis
-control the length and tension of the vocal cords

69
Q

laryngeal muscles

A

-cricothyroid
-thyroarytenoid
-posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid
-transverse & oblique arytenoid

70
Q

cricothyroid function

A

-stretches and tenses the vocal ligament
-known as the singers muscle as it alters the tone of voice

71
Q

Thyroarytenoid function

A

relax the vocal ligament

72
Q

Posterior & lateral cricoarytenoid functions

A

posterior: abduct vocal folds & widens rima glottidis

Lateral: adducts the vocal folds & narrows the rima glottidis

73
Q

transverse and olique arytenoid functions

A

-adduct the arytenoid cartilage
-narrows the rima glottidis to modulate tone and volume of speech

74
Q

innervation of the larynx

A

-superior laryngeal nerve
-recurrent laryngeal nerve

75
Q

superior laryngeal nerve

A

branches into internal and external laryngeal nerves

76
Q

internal laryngeal nerve

A

supplies sensory innervation to above vocal cords

77
Q

external laryngeal nerve

A

supplie smotor innervation to cricothyroid

78
Q

recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

supplies sensory information to below vocal cords and motor innervation to everything except cricothyroid

Year 2 - Semester 2 ANAT 316 (21 decks)

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