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Year 2 - Semester 2 ANAT 316 > Lecture 11: Thorax & Heart > Flashcards

Lecture 11: Thorax & Heart Flashcards

1
Q

contents of thoracic cavity

A

organs of the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive and lymphatic systems

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2
Q

thoracic cavity is divided into

A

mediastinum, pleural cavities, and pericardial cavity

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3
Q

pleaural cavity

A

surrounds the lungs

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4
Q

mediastinum

A

central compartmet of the thoracic cavity containing the pericardial cavity

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5
Q

pericardial cavity

A

surrounds the heart

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6
Q

what separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity

A

diaphragm

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7
Q

thoracic cavity is bounded anteriorly and posterior by the thoracic cage:

A

-ribs
-sternum
-thoracic spine
-muscles

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8
Q

location of the heart

A

-in the middle mediastinum within the pericardial cavity
-directly posterior to sternum
-between lungs
-superior to diaphragm

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9
Q

apex of the heart points

A

anteroinferiorly and to the left

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10
Q

blood is driven through two circuits

A

pulmonary and systemic

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11
Q

how many chambers in the heart

A

4

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12
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

-pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to be come oxygenated
-pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart

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13
Q

Systemic circulation

A

-pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body
-returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart

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14
Q

pericardium

A

-layered, fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart

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15
Q

what is the pericardium formed by

A

-outer fibrous pericardium
-inner serous pericardium

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16
Q

outer fibrous pericardium

A

-outer desne connective tissue layer that surrounds the heart and roots of great vessels

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17
Q

base of the fibrous pericardium is fused with

A

the central tendon of the diaphragm

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18
Q

functions of the fibrous pericardium

A

-anchors the heart
-provides protection
-prevents overextension

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19
Q

2 layers of the Serous Pericardium

A

-Parietal pericardium
-visceral pericardium

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20
Q

parietal pericardium

A

fused with the fibrous pericardium

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21
Q

visceral pericardium

A

adhered to the surface of the heart

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22
Q

Pericardial cavity/space

A

-space between the visceral and pariteal pericardium layers
-contains little pericardial fluid

**POTENTIAL SPACE

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23
Q

pericardial fluid

A

-acts as a lubricant, reducing friction between the opposing surfaces of the heart and the pericardium as the heart beats

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24
Q

pericardial effusion

A

accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial cavity due to infection or injury

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25
4 chambers of the heart
2 atria and 2 ventricles
26
atria
-each atria has an auricle -form the base of the heart -receive blood from external muscles
27
ventricles
-pump blood away from the heart -form the apex of the heart
28
Septa
-separates chambers of the heart -interatrial septum separates right and left atria -interventricular septum separates right and left ventricles
29
grooves of the heart
-anterior interventricular groove -atrioventricular groove -posterior interventricular groove
30
Great vessels of the heart
-superior vena cava -inferior vena cava -pulmonary trunk -pulmonary arteries -pulmonary veins -aorta
31
coronary circulation
the arteries and veins that supply the heart muscle
32
which arteries originate from the aorta
-right coronary artery -left coronary artery
33
coronary circulation: arterial supply
-right coronary artery -left coronary artery -left anterior descending artery -circumflex artery -posterior descending artery
34
which artery sits in the atrioventricular groove
right coronary artery
35
which artery sits in the anterior interventricular groove
left anterior descending artery
36
which artery sits in posterior interventricuular groove
posterior descending artery
37
coronary circulation: venous drainage
-great cardiac vein -small cardiac vein -middle cardia vein -coronary sinus
38
which artery runs with the great cardiac vein
left anterior descending artery
39
veins of the coronary circulation emoty into the
coronary sinus
40
coronary sinus drain into the
right atrium
41
SVC & IVC
large veins that drain deoxygenated blood into the right atrium of the heart
42
IVC
-drains lower limbs, pelvic and abdominal viscera -formed by confluence of common iliac veins
43
SVC
-drains thorax, head, neck, upper limbs
44
Right Atrium
deoxygenated blood enters here via IVC and SVC
45
anatomical features of the right atrium
-pectinate muscles -fossa ovalis
46
fossa ovalis
-depression of the interatrial septum of RA -embryological remnant of the foramen ovale
47
foramen ovale
-functions during fetal development to allow blood to bypass the fetal lungs -foramen ovale becomes formane ovalis after birth when the foramen ovale closes
48
vessels of the RA
-IVC -SVC -coronary sinus
49
valves in the RA
-tricuspid valve
50
tricuspid valve
-one way valve between the RA and the RV -3 cusps
51
anatomical features of the RV
-chordae tendinae -papillary muscles -trabeculate carnea
52
Chordae tendinae
attaches to valve cusps
53
papillary muscles
achor the chordae tendinae
54
papillary muscles are attached to
chordae tendinae
55
purpose of anatomical structures of RV
-prevent prolapse of the valve during contracion of the ventricle
56
valves of the RV
-tricuspid valve -pulmonary valve
57
vessels of the RV
-pulmonary trunk -pulmonary arteries (2)
58
once blood has become oxygenated it enters the
pulmonary veins; to carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
59
pulmonary veins
carry deoxygenated blood from the RV of the heart to the lungs
60
anatomical features of the left atrium
pectinate muscles
61
valves of the LA
-bicuspid/mitral valve
62
vessels of the LA
-pulmonary veins
63
anatomical features of the LV
-chordae tendinae -papillary muscles -trabeculae carneae
64
vessels of the LV
-aorta
65
valves of the LV
-bicuspid valve -aortic valve
66
aorta
large artery that carries oxygenated blood from the ehart (LV) to the body
67
Arch of aorta
branches: brachiocephalic trunk, L common carotia a. & L subclavian a.
68
carotid a's run in
neck
69
subclavian a's run in
upper limb
70
Descending aorta
supplies blood to the thorax, abdomen, lower limbs
71
deoxygenated blood flow through the heart
1. enter at SVC & IVC 2. RA 3. Tricuspid valve 4. RV 5. Pulmonary valve 6. Pulmonary trunk and arteries send blood to lungs to become oxygenated
72
oxygenated blood flow through the heart
1. enter at Pulmonary veins from the lungs 2. LA 3. Bicuspid valve 4. LV 5. Aortic valve 6. Aorta to be distributed to body
73
innervation of the heart
autonomic innervation via cardiac plexus
74
thoracic aorta becomes what when in abdomen
abdominal aorta
75
arterial supply of posterior thoracic wall
-aorta continues as the decending thoracic aorta and gives off posterior intercostal arteries
76
arterial supply of anterior thoracic wall
-subclavian arteries give off the internal thoracic artery
77
musculophrenic a. gives off
anterior intercostal arteries
78
venous drainage of thoracic cavity
-anterior and posterior intercostal veins drain into the azygous vein (right side) and hemi-azygous veins (left, then azygous)
79
Innervation of the thoracic cavity
intercostal nerves; formed by the ventral rami od thoracic spinall nerves

Year 2 - Semester 2 ANAT 316 (21 decks)

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