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Year 2 - Semester 2 ANAT 316 > Lecture 11: Thorax & Heart > Flashcards

Lecture 11: Thorax & Heart Flashcards

1
Q

contents of thoracic cavity

A

organs of the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive and lymphatic systems

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2
Q

thoracic cavity is divided into

A

mediastinum, pleural cavities, and pericardial cavity

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3
Q

pleaural cavity

A

surrounds the lungs

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4
Q

mediastinum

A

central compartmet of the thoracic cavity containing the pericardial cavity

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5
Q

pericardial cavity

A

surrounds the heart

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6
Q

what separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity

A

diaphragm

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7
Q

thoracic cavity is bounded anteriorly and posterior by the thoracic cage:

A

-ribs
-sternum
-thoracic spine
-muscles

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8
Q

location of the heart

A

-in the middle mediastinum within the pericardial cavity
-directly posterior to sternum
-between lungs
-superior to diaphragm

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9
Q

apex of the heart points

A

anteroinferiorly and to the left

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10
Q

blood is driven through two circuits

A

pulmonary and systemic

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11
Q

how many chambers in the heart

A

4

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12
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

-pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to be come oxygenated
-pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart

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13
Q

Systemic circulation

A

-pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body
-returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart

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14
Q

pericardium

A

-layered, fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart

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15
Q

what is the pericardium formed by

A

-outer fibrous pericardium
-inner serous pericardium

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16
Q

outer fibrous pericardium

A

-outer desne connective tissue layer that surrounds the heart and roots of great vessels

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17
Q

base of the fibrous pericardium is fused with

A

the central tendon of the diaphragm

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18
Q

functions of the fibrous pericardium

A

-anchors the heart
-provides protection
-prevents overextension

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19
Q

2 layers of the Serous Pericardium

A

-Parietal pericardium
-visceral pericardium

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20
Q

parietal pericardium

A

fused with the fibrous pericardium

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21
Q

visceral pericardium

A

adhered to the surface of the heart

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22
Q

Pericardial cavity/space

A

-space between the visceral and pariteal pericardium layers
-contains little pericardial fluid

**POTENTIAL SPACE

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23
Q

pericardial fluid

A

-acts as a lubricant, reducing friction between the opposing surfaces of the heart and the pericardium as the heart beats

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24
Q

pericardial effusion

A

accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial cavity due to infection or injury

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25
Q

4 chambers of the heart

A

2 atria and 2 ventricles

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26
Q

atria

A

-each atria has an auricle
-form the base of the heart
-receive blood from external muscles

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27
Q

ventricles

A

-pump blood away from the heart
-form the apex of the heart

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28
Q

Septa

A

-separates chambers of the heart
-interatrial septum separates right and left atria
-interventricular septum separates right and left ventricles

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29
Q

grooves of the heart

A

-anterior interventricular groove
-atrioventricular groove
-posterior interventricular groove

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30
Q

Great vessels of the heart

A

-superior vena cava
-inferior vena cava
-pulmonary trunk
-pulmonary arteries
-pulmonary veins
-aorta

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31
Q

coronary circulation

A

the arteries and veins that supply the heart muscle

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32
Q

which arteries originate from the aorta

A

-right coronary artery
-left coronary artery

33
Q

coronary circulation: arterial supply

A

-right coronary artery
-left coronary artery
-left anterior descending artery
-circumflex artery
-posterior descending artery

34
Q

which artery sits in the atrioventricular groove

A

right coronary artery

35
Q

which artery sits in the anterior interventricular groove

A

left anterior descending artery

36
Q

which artery sits in posterior interventricuular groove

A

posterior descending artery

37
Q

coronary circulation: venous drainage

A

-great cardiac vein
-small cardiac vein
-middle cardia vein
-coronary sinus

38
Q

which artery runs with the great cardiac vein

A

left anterior descending artery

39
Q

veins of the coronary circulation emoty into the

A

coronary sinus

40
Q

coronary sinus drain into the

A

right atrium

41
Q

SVC & IVC

A

large veins that drain deoxygenated blood into the right atrium of the heart

42
Q

IVC

A

-drains lower limbs, pelvic and abdominal viscera
-formed by confluence of common iliac veins

43
Q

SVC

A

-drains thorax, head, neck, upper limbs

44
Q

Right Atrium

A

deoxygenated blood enters here via IVC and SVC

45
Q

anatomical features of the right atrium

A

-pectinate muscles
-fossa ovalis

46
Q

fossa ovalis

A

-depression of the interatrial septum of RA
-embryological remnant of the foramen ovale

47
Q

foramen ovale

A

-functions during fetal development to allow blood to bypass the fetal lungs
-foramen ovale becomes formane ovalis after birth when the foramen ovale closes

48
Q

vessels of the RA

A

-IVC
-SVC
-coronary sinus

49
Q

valves in the RA

A

-tricuspid valve

50
Q

tricuspid valve

A

-one way valve between the RA and the RV
-3 cusps

51
Q

anatomical features of the RV

A

-chordae tendinae
-papillary muscles
-trabeculate carnea

52
Q

Chordae tendinae

A

attaches to valve cusps

53
Q

papillary muscles

A

achor the chordae tendinae

54
Q

papillary muscles are attached to

A

chordae tendinae

55
Q

purpose of anatomical structures of RV

A

-prevent prolapse of the valve during contracion of the ventricle

56
Q

valves of the RV

A

-tricuspid valve
-pulmonary valve

57
Q

vessels of the RV

A

-pulmonary trunk
-pulmonary arteries (2)

58
Q

once blood has become oxygenated it enters the

A

pulmonary veins; to carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

59
Q

pulmonary veins

A

carry deoxygenated blood from the RV of the heart to the lungs

60
Q

anatomical features of the left atrium

A

pectinate muscles

61
Q

valves of the LA

A

-bicuspid/mitral valve

62
Q

vessels of the LA

A

-pulmonary veins

63
Q

anatomical features of the LV

A

-chordae tendinae
-papillary muscles
-trabeculae carneae

64
Q

vessels of the LV

A

-aorta

65
Q

valves of the LV

A

-bicuspid valve
-aortic valve

66
Q

aorta

A

large artery that carries oxygenated blood from the ehart (LV) to the body

67
Q

Arch of aorta

A

branches: brachiocephalic trunk, L common carotia a. & L subclavian a.

68
Q

carotid a’s run in

A

neck

69
Q

subclavian a’s run in

A

upper limb

70
Q

Descending aorta

A

supplies blood to the thorax, abdomen, lower limbs

71
Q

deoxygenated blood flow through the heart

A
  1. enter at SVC & IVC
  2. RA
  3. Tricuspid valve
  4. RV
  5. Pulmonary valve
  6. Pulmonary trunk and arteries send blood to lungs to become oxygenated
72
Q

oxygenated blood flow through the heart

A
  1. enter at Pulmonary veins from the lungs
  2. LA
  3. Bicuspid valve
  4. LV
  5. Aortic valve
  6. Aorta to be distributed to body
73
Q

innervation of the heart

A

autonomic innervation via cardiac plexus

74
Q

thoracic aorta becomes what when in abdomen

A

abdominal aorta

75
Q

arterial supply of posterior thoracic wall

A

-aorta continues as the decending thoracic aorta and gives off posterior intercostal arteries

76
Q

arterial supply of anterior thoracic wall

A

-subclavian arteries give off the internal thoracic artery

77
Q

musculophrenic a. gives off

A

anterior intercostal arteries

78
Q

venous drainage of thoracic cavity

A

-anterior and posterior intercostal veins drain into the azygous vein (right side) and hemi-azygous veins (left, then azygous)

79
Q

Innervation of the thoracic cavity

A

intercostal nerves; formed by the ventral rami od thoracic spinall nerves

Year 2 - Semester 2 ANAT 316 (21 decks)

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