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Year 2 - Semester 2 ANAT 316 > Lecture 5: Peripheral Nervous System > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the CNS

A

brain, brainstem and spinal cord

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2
Q

Components of the PNS

A

Nerves and ganglia outside the CNS
-somatic and autonomic

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3
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31

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4
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there

A

12

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5
Q

Somatic NS

A

voluntary; the division of the PNS that includes sensory and motor neurons

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6
Q

Sensory (Afferent) neurons

A

-send signals from outside world to brain
-convey input from receptor for somatic and special senses

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7
Q

Somatic Motor (efferent) neurons

A

-send signals from brain to outside world
-innervate skeletal muscles

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8
Q

Autonomic NS

A

Involuntary
-regulates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glandular tissue
-autonomic motor neurons regulate visceral activities by exciting or inhibiting activities in effector tissues

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9
Q

Afferent divisions of the PNS

A

Somatic sensory and visceral sensory

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10
Q

Somatic Sensory

A

carries signals from receptors in skin, muscles, bones and joints

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11
Q

Visceral Sensory

A

carries signals mainly from organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

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12
Q

Neuron system of somatic

A

-direct highway
-fully myleinated
-1 neuron system

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13
Q

Neuron system of Autonomic

A

-2 neuron system
-preganglionic neuron and postganglionic neruon
-preganglionic is mylinated
-postganglionic is unmylinated
-synapse occurs at ganglion

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14
Q

major difference between CNS and PNS

A

the CNS is composed by the spinal cord and the PNS is composed by cranial nerves

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15
Q

Which of the following sensory responses is not a part of the Somatic Sensory division?

a) Proprioception
b)Taste
c)Pressure
d)Vision

A

Taste

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16
Q

General Sensory Receptors by Structural Class

A
  1. Free nerve endings
  2. Encapsulated
  3. Proprioceptors
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17
Q

Free nerve endings of sensory neurons: Functional Class by stimulus type

A

Nociceptors, thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, and chemoreceptors

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18
Q

Free nerve endings of sensory neurons: Body Location

A

MOST body tissues: most dense in connective tissues

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19
Q

Modified free nerve endings (Merkel discs): Functional Class by Stimulus Type

A

mechanoreceptors (light pressure)

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20
Q

Modified free nerve endings (merkel discs): body location

A

deepest layer of the epidermis

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21
Q

Hair Follicle Receptors: Functional Class

A

Mechanoreceptors (hair deflection)

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22
Q

Hair Follicle Receptors: Body Location

A

In and surrounding hair follicles

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23
Q

Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscles: Functional Class by Stimulus Type

A

Mechanoreceptors (light pressure, discriminative touch, vibration of low frequency)

**detects how many objects are touching your skin at a time

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24
Q

Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscles: Body Location

A

Hairless skin, particularly nipples, external genitalia, fingertips, eyelids

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25
Q

Sensory receptors: Free nerve endings

A

-Free Nerve endings of sensory neurons
-Modified free nerve endings (Merkel discs)
-Hair Follicle Receptors

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26
Q

Sensory Receptors: Encapsulated

A

-Tactile (Meissner’s) Corpuscles
-Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles
-RUffini Corpuscles

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27
Q

Sensory Receptors: Proprioceptors

A

-muscle spindles
-Tendon Organs

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28
Q

Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles: Functional Class by Stimulus Type

A

-Mechanoreceptors (deep pressure, stretch, vibration of high frequency)

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29
Q

Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscles: Body Location

A

Dermis and hypodermis; most abundant on fingers, soles of feet, external genitalia, nipples

30
Q

Ruffini Corpuscles: Functional Class by Stimulus Type

A

Mechanoreceptors (deep pressure and stretch)

31
Q

Ruffini Corpuscles: Body location

A

deep in dermis, hypodermis and joint capsules

32
Q

Muscle Spindles: Functional class by stimulus type

A

Mechanoreceptors (muscle stretch)

33
Q

Muscle Spindles: Body Location

A

Skeletal muscles, particularly those of the extremeties

34
Q

Tendon Organs: Functional Class by stimulus type

A

machanoreceptor (tendon stretch)

35
Q

Tendon organs: Body location

A

tendons (at ends of muscles)

36
Q

Which of the following is responsible for sensing proprioception?

a) free nerve endings
b)merkel cells
c) muscle spindles
d) hair follicle recpeptor

A

C) muscle spindles

37
Q

true or false: Pacinian corpuscles are responsible for sensing deep pressure?

A

true

38
Q

Breakdown of the vertebrae

A

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
3-5 coccygeal

39
Q

Purpose of spinal nerves

A

-communication system between brain and various body parts
-essential for voluntary and involuntary actions
-highway for sensory and motor integrations
-important for rapid automatic responses through reflexes

40
Q

3 parts of the anatomy of the spinal nerve

A

-Epineurium
-Perinrurium
-Endonerurium

41
Q

what are fasicles

A

bundles of axons

42
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31

43
Q

Which pairs of spinal nerves leave the spinal cord ABOVE their corresponding vertebrae level?

A

1-7

44
Q

Each spinal nerve connects to the spinal cord through:

A

dorsal root via dorsal rootlets

45
Q

Dorsal root

A

contains axonal processes of sensory neurons arising from posterior horn

46
Q

The dorsal root contains:

A

the dorsal root ganglion

-enlargement of the dorsal root
-cluster of cell bodies of sensory neurons
-functions as sensory relay stations by processing and modulating sneosry signal before reaching the CNS

47
Q

The spinal nerve and the dorsal root gagnglion lie within the

A

intervertebral foramina

48
Q

Ventral root

A

contains axonal processes of motor neurons whose cell bodies are located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord

49
Q

ventral root connects to the spinal cord via

A

ventral rootlets

50
Q

each spinal nerve branches into a:

A

dorsal and ventral ramus

51
Q

WHich type of fibers do the dorsal and ventral rami contain

A

sensory and motor

52
Q

what do the dorsal and ventral rami supply?

A

exit through intervertebral foramina to supply the entire somatic region of the body

53
Q

Dorsal Rami

A

supplies dorsum of the neck and back

54
Q

Ventral rami

A

-supplies anterior and lateral regions of neck and trunk
-supplies all regions of the limbs
-much thicker than dorsal rami

55
Q

ventral rami branch into

A

nerve plexuses

56
Q

how many primary nerve plexuses does the ventral rami form and what do they target

A

4

-travel to specific target tissues, such as muscles, skin, and organs to facilitare motor control and sensory perception

57
Q

four main plexuses

A

cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral

58
Q

Cervical Plexus

A

-spinal nerves C1-C4
-supply sensory & motor innervation to the neck and proportions of the head

59
Q

Brachial Plexus

A

-supply nerves C5-T1
-supply sensory & motor innervation to shoulder and upper limbs

60
Q

Lumbar Plexus

A

-Spinal nerves L1-L4
-supplies nerves to the lower back, abdominal wall, and part of the lower limb

61
Q

Sacral Plexus

A

-spinal nerves L4-S5
-innervates the buttocks, pelvic structures and the remainder of the lower limb

62
Q

The path from the spinal cord

A
  1. Nerves originate from the spinal cord through two roots: dorsal and ventral
  2. Dorsal and Ventral roots unite outside the spinal cord to form a spinal nerve
  3. THe spinal nerve branches into two rami: dorsal and ventral
63
Q

path of dorsal roots information

A

carrying sensory information into the spinal cord

64
Q

path of ventral roots information

A

carrying motor information away from the spinal cord

65
Q

which of the following plexus is responsible for innervation of the upper limbs

A

brachial

66
Q

which anatomical structure of the spinal nerve has both sensory and motor components

A

ventral rami

67
Q

What are dermatomes

A

-sctions of the skin innervated by a single spinal nerve
-motor and sensory innervation for those specific areas

68
Q

important dermatones

A

T4: nipples
T10: Umbillicus

69
Q

Motor Reflex Arc

A

-neural pathway that mediates rapid involuntary actions
-integrates sensory inputs and motor outputs
-physiological and nural response against potential harmful stimuli

70
Q

Pathway of the motor reflex arc

A
  1. Sensory Receptor
  2. Sensory neuron (afferent)
  3. Dorsal Root ganglion
  4. Dorsal Root
  5. Posterior Horn
  6. Interneurons
  7. ANterior Hron
  8. Motor Neuron (efferent)
  9. Effector Muscle
71
Q
A

Year 2 - Semester 2 ANAT 316 (21 decks)

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