Lecture 20 GI: IIII

Question 1

The Spleen

Answer 1

-lymphatic, triangular shaped organ
-intraperitoneal

Question 2

function of the spleen

Answer 2

-filtration of red blood cells to remove old, larger and deformed cells
-prevention of infection

Question 3

spleen location

Answer 3

-upper left quadrant of the abdomen
-between ribs 9-11 at the midaxillary line

Question 4

posterior surface of the spleen

Answer 4

diaphragmatic area

Question 5

superior surface of the spleen

Answer 5

gastric area

Question 6

anterior surface of the spleen

Answer 6

colic area

Question 7

inferior surface of spleen

Answer 7

renal area

Question 8

hilum of the spleen

Answer 8

-medial concave area
-vascular attachment site

Question 9

features of hilum of the spleen

Answer 9

-splenogastric ligament
-splenorenal ligament
-pocket for tail of pancreas

Question 10

splenorenal ligament

Answer 10

connects renal area of spleen to left kidney

Question 11

the kidneys

Answer 11

-retroperitoneal
-posterior abdominal wall
-T12-L3/L4

Question 12

which kidney sits lower than the other

Answer 12

right kidney sits lower than the left

Question 13

functions of the kidneys

Answer 13

-urine production
-regulation of blood ionic composition
-regulation blood pH
-regulation blood volume & pressure
-production of hormones
-regulation of glucose
-excretion of wastes and foreign substances in the blood

Question 14

Protective coverings of the Kidney

Answer 14

-Perirenal fat
-renal capsule
-Rnal Fascia
-Pararenal fat

Question 15

Perirenal fat

Answer 15

-large fatty mass to protect kidney and hold in place

Question 16

Renal capsule

Answer 16

-deepest form of protection

Question 17

Renal Fascia

Answer 17

-anchor kidney to sutures + abdominal wall

Question 18

pararenal fat

Answer 18

-superficial protective layer

Question 19

blood supply to kidneys

Answer 19

abdominal aorta branches into renal artery

Question 20

venous drainage of kidneys

Answer 20

renal veins drain into IVC

Question 21

renal arteries

Answer 21

R & L renal arteries (left is shorter than right)

Question 22

renal veins

Answer 22

R & L renal veins (right is shorter than left)

Question 23

vessels in the hilum of the kidney

Answer 23

renal artery, renal vein, ureter

Question 24

how to differentiate between anterior and posterior kidney

Answer 24

look at the ureter
**ureter exits from posterior kidney

Question 25

2 main components of the kidneys

Answer 25

cortex & medulla

Question 26

cortex of the kidnyes

Answer 26

-outer component -main filtering area

Question 27

Medulla

Answer 27

-many columns and tubes -beginning of urine production

Question 28

minor calyx

Answer 28

tubes that gather urine from renal papilla and merge to form major calyx

Question 29

pathway of urine

Answer 29

1. renal pyramid 2. renal papilla 3. Minor calyx 4. Major calyx 5. renal pelvis 6. ureter

Question 30

Adrenal glands (suprarenal glands)

Answer 30

-endocrine organs -produce hormones -retroperitoneal

Question 31

location of adrenal glands

Answer 31

-sit directly superior to kidneys

Question 32

what hormones do the adrenal glands produce

Answer 32

adrenaline, cortisol, aldsterone

Question 33

3 inner layers of cortex of adrenal glands

Answer 33

1. Zona Glomerulosa 2. Zona Fasciculata 3. Zona Reticularis

Question 34

Zona Glomerulosa

Answer 34

outermost layer, secretes hormones (aldostrone to regulate BP)

Question 35

Zona Fasciculata

Answer 35

middle layer, secretes cortisol

Question 36

Zona Reticularis

Answer 36

innermost layer, synthesizes weak androgens

Question 37

3 main branches for BS to the adrenal glands

Answer 37

1. Superior Suprarenal arteries 2. Middle suprarenal artery 3. Inferior Suprarenal artery

Question 38

superior suprarenal arteries extend

Answer 38

from inferior phrenic artery

Question 39

middle suprarenal artery extends

Answer 39

directly from abdominal aorta

Question 40

inferior suprarenal artery extends

Answer 40

from renal artery

Question 41

direct VD of adrenal glands

Answer 41

drains directly into the IVC on the riht side

Question 42

VD of adrenal glands

Answer 42

asymmetrical (direct on right side, indirect on left)

Question 43

indirect VD of adrenal glands

Answer 43

drains in to left renal vein and then into IVC