Lecture 20 GI: IIII Flashcards
The Spleen
-lymphatic, triangular shaped organ
-intraperitoneal
function of the spleen
-filtration of red blood cells to remove old, larger and deformed cells
-prevention of infection
spleen location
-upper left quadrant of the abdomen
-between ribs 9-11 at the midaxillary line
posterior surface of the spleen
diaphragmatic area
superior surface of the spleen
gastric area
anterior surface of the spleen
colic area
inferior surface of spleen
renal area
hilum of the spleen
-medial concave area
-vascular attachment site
features of hilum of the spleen
-splenogastric ligament
-splenorenal ligament
-pocket for tail of pancreas
splenorenal ligament
connects renal area of spleen to left kidney
the kidneys
-retroperitoneal
-posterior abdominal wall
-T12-L3/L4
which kidney sits lower than the other
right kidney sits lower than the left
functions of the kidneys
-urine production
-regulation of blood ionic composition
-regulation blood pH
-regulation blood volume & pressure
-production of hormones
-regulation of glucose
-excretion of wastes and foreign substances in the blood
Protective coverings of the Kidney
-Perirenal fat
-renal capsule
-Rnal Fascia
-Pararenal fat
Perirenal fat
-large fatty mass to protect kidney and hold in place
Renal capsule
-deepest form of protection
Renal Fascia
-anchor kidney to sutures + abdominal wall
pararenal fat
-superficial protective layer
blood supply to kidneys
abdominal aorta branches into renal artery
venous drainage of kidneys
renal veins drain into IVC
renal arteries
R & L renal arteries (left is shorter than right)
renal veins
R & L renal veins (right is shorter than left)
vessels in the hilum of the kidney
renal artery, renal vein, ureter
how to differentiate between anterior and posterior kidney
look at the ureter
**ureter exits from posterior kidney
2 main components of the kidneys
cortex & medulla
cortex of the kidnyes
-outer component
-main filtering area
Medulla
-many columns and tubes
-beginning of urine production
minor calyx
tubes that gather urine from renal papilla and merge to form major calyx
pathway of urine
- renal pyramid
- renal papilla
- Minor calyx
- Major calyx
- renal pelvis
- ureter
Adrenal glands (suprarenal glands)
-endocrine organs
-produce hormones
-retroperitoneal
location of adrenal glands
-sit directly superior to kidneys
what hormones do the adrenal glands produce
adrenaline, cortisol, aldsterone
3 inner layers of cortex of adrenal glands
- Zona Glomerulosa
- Zona Fasciculata
- Zona Reticularis
Zona Glomerulosa
outermost layer, secretes hormones (aldostrone to regulate BP)
Zona Fasciculata
middle layer, secretes cortisol
Zona Reticularis
innermost layer, synthesizes weak androgens
3 main branches for BS to the adrenal glands
- Superior Suprarenal arteries
- Middle suprarenal artery
- Inferior Suprarenal artery
superior suprarenal arteries extend
from inferior phrenic artery
middle suprarenal artery extends
directly from abdominal aorta
inferior suprarenal artery extends
from renal artery
direct VD of adrenal glands
drains directly into the IVC on the riht side
VD of adrenal glands
asymmetrical (direct on right side, indirect on left)
indirect VD of adrenal glands
drains in to left renal vein and then into IVC
