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Histology > Lecture 8 - Integument > Flashcards

Lecture 8 - Integument Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of skin

A

Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (not apart of the integument)

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2
Q

What is present in thick skin

A

thicker stratum corneum and a presence of a stratum lucidum

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3
Q

4 Cells of the epidermis

A

keratinocytes, langerhan’s cells, merkel’s cells, and melanocytes

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4
Q

keratinocytes

A

filled with keratin fibers (intermediate), most common in the epidermis. connected via desmosomes. 5 layers.

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5
Q

Langerhan’s cells

A

derived from monocytes. can act as an APC and phagocytic cell

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6
Q

Merkel’s cells

A

sensory and typically next to a nerve. Has dense core ganules (neurotransmitter granules) next to the nerve ending

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7
Q

Melanocyte

A

produces the pigmentation of skin

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8
Q

5 layers of thick skin from top to bottom

A

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosm, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale

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9
Q

Most mitocially active layer

A

stratum basale and includes melanocytes

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10
Q

Protein in desmosomes

A

cadherins

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11
Q

Protein in hemidesmosomes

A

integrins

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12
Q

Stratum spinosum apperance

A

spiny cell layer due to tissue shrinkage and connection of desmosomes. tonofibrils and cytokeratin filaments present

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13
Q

Stratum granulosum appearance

A

due to keratohyalin (non-membrane bound granules) which bind to keratin. Lamellar granules (membrane) with lipids and is barrier to desiccation and water

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14
Q

Non-living cell layers

A

Stratum lucidum and stratum corneum

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15
Q

Layers in thin skin from top to bottoms

A

Stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale

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16
Q

3 functions of the epidermis

A

abrasion resistance, physical-chemical barrier, and water proofing

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17
Q

Melanocyte’s two pigments and enzyme

A

eumelanin (black) and pheomelanin (red). tyrosinase

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18
Q

Where do melanocytes originate from?

A

neural crests

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19
Q

Tyrosinase

A

synthesized in the RER. converts DOPA into doaquinone into melanin. stops when melanin becomes a granule

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20
Q

Where do melanin granules get injected?

A

into keratinocytes’ cytoplasm.

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21
Q

Role of melanin

A

protects the nuclear DNA from UV radiation

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22
Q

Albinism

A

lack of tyrosinase activity. Cant make melanin

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23
Q

T or F: skin color is due to the amount of melanin and carotene, not the number of melanocytes?

A

True

24
Q

BCC

A

originates from the stratum basale

25
Q

SCC

A

originates from a squamous keratinocyte

26
Q

Collagen type found in the basement membrane

A

Type 4 collagen

27
Q

Proteins and types of collagen seen on the dermal side of the dermal-epidermal junction

A

laminins, fibronectin, type 4 collagen, type 6 collagen

28
Q

2 layers of the dermis

A

papillary and reticular layer. Makes up the peg and socket which provides stability.

29
Q

Papillary layer

A

highly folded

30
Q

Reticular layer

A

dense irregular CT (type I collagen and fibroblasts), blood tissues (AV shunts), and elastic fibers

31
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles

A

sensory for light touch. Found in the papillary layer. Part of the afferent system

32
Q

Arterio-venous shunts

A

short circulate blood, thus blood doesnt have to go through a capillary. control the blood going to the papillary layer (facilitates thermoregulation)

33
Q

Pacinian corpuscle

A

deep touch/pressure sensation. In the reticular layer. Part of the afferent layer.

34
Q

Hypodermis

A

superficial facia. adpiose tissue.

35
Q

Nail matrix

A

gives rise to the nail plate.

36
Q

Area under cuticle?

A

eponychium

37
Q

Area under the nail plate

A

Hyponychium and nail bed

38
Q

Hair is what in origin?

A

epidermal.

39
Q

Bulb contains what dermal tissue

A

fibroblasts and blood vessels. It is papilla.

40
Q

Germinal matrix

A

undergoing rapid proliferation of the forming hair cells. Sensitive to chemo

41
Q

Internal root sheath

A

stops at the sebaceous gland

42
Q

External root sheath

A

goes to the surface and becomes epidermis.

43
Q

Cuticle of hair

A

small barbs that prevent it from falling out

44
Q

Layer of hair from inner to outer

A

medulla, cortex, cuticle

45
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

smooth muscle. when cold it will contract, straightening the hair and increasing insulation. (fight or flight)

46
Q

3 glands of skin

A

sebaceous, eccrine, and apocrine

47
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

secrets onto hair shaft. simple branched acinar gland. Holocrine mode of secretion of sebum

48
Q

Sebum

A

maintains stratum corneum, weak antibacterial/fungal activity

49
Q

Eccrine sweat gland

A

Merocine and secretes onto the surface. Dark and clear cells. Duct portion is stratified cuboidal cells. Secretions mainly protein free filtrate.

50
Q

Dark cells of eccrine gland

A

mucoid and antibacterial

51
Q

Clear cells of eccrine gland

A

produce sweat. have an increased surface area

52
Q

Apocrine sweat gland

A

merocrine and secretes onto the hair shaft. Larger diameter than eccrine glands. Found in auxillary areas. Only has dark cells (pheromones)

53
Q

What layer is responsible for wrinkles

A

Dermis - specifically the reticular layer.

54
Q

White part of the proximal nail fold?

A

Lunula

55
Q

Area that has stratified cuboidal epithelium?

A

Duct of the eccrine sweat gland

Histology (20 decks)

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