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Histology > Lecture 20 - Ear and Eye > Flashcards

Lecture 20 - Ear and Eye Flashcards

1
Q

3 layers of the eye

A

tunica fibrosa, Uvea, and Retina

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2
Q

components of the tunica fibrosa

A

sclera and cornea

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3
Q

components of the uvea

A

choroid (vascular layer that provides nutrients to the retina), ciliary body, and iris

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4
Q

components of the retina

A

neural (rods and cones) and non-neural (lines the ciliary body and iris)

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5
Q

Anterior chamber vs the posterior chamber

A

Anterior - in front of the iris

Posterior - behind the iris in the vitreous chamber

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6
Q

Macula (fovea)

A

only cones in the back of the eyeball region. responsible for visual acuity and central focus.

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7
Q

Where is the blind spot in the eye?

A

where they are no rods or cones where the optic nerve and blood vessels leave.

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8
Q

What did the lens develop from?

A

tunica albuginea.

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9
Q

Where are the sclera and cornea located?

A

Make up the tunica fibrosa (outer most layer). Sclera in the back of the eye and the cornea in the front that is in contact with air and fluid.

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10
Q

Sclera make up and function

A

CT layer with fibroblasts, fibrous and amorphous tissue. Holds the eye in place

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11
Q

Cornea’s 5 layers

A

corneal epithelium, bowman’s membrane (non-cellular, thick extracellular material), stroma (thickest), descemet’s membrane, and endothelium (squamous)

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12
Q

Canal of Schlemm location and function

A

junction of sclera and cornea. facilitates equilibrium of pressure in the eye.

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13
Q

What surrounds the canal of schlemm?

A

trabecular networks

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14
Q

Choroid

A

vascular layer. provides nutrients to the sclera and the retina. contains the choriocapillary layer which is closest to the rods and cones of the retina. also contains melanocytes

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15
Q

Ciliary body

A

containing muscle that can contract the shape of the lens for visual accommodation.

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16
Q

Ciliary processes function

A

folds of epithelium on the surface of the muscle. Zonula fibers are attached to the lens, allowing for contraction or relaxation of the lens.

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17
Q

Ciliary processes make up

A

double layer of low columnar to cuboidal. Non-pigment on the outer layer and pigmented on the inner layer.

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18
Q

Iris

A

double layer of epithelium continues to the posterior iris. eye color is determined by amount of pigment in the epithelium.

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19
Q

Eye color

A

determined by amount of pigment in the epithelium. Less pigment (blue), intermediate (green), more pigment (brown)

20
Q

Zonula fibers

A

oxytalin fibers (elastic fibers) that connect the ciliary proccesses to the lens.

21
Q

Ora serrata

A

transition from the neural to non-neural retina

22
Q

3 layers of photosensitive cells

A

outer layer - rods and cones embedded in the pigmented epithelium
middle layer - bipolar neurons
inner layer - ganglion cells

23
Q

Mullet cells

A

support cells in the neural retina

24
Q

Rod cells

A

black to shades of grey and white (rhodopsin)

25
Q

Cone cells

A

color (variants of iodopsin)

26
Q

Dry vs wet macula degeneration

A

dry - cellular debris between retina and choroid

wet - blood vessels grow from choroid and leak

27
Q

4 accessory structures of the eye

A

lens, eyelid and conjunctiva, and lacrimal apparatus

28
Q

Layers of the lens

A

Lens capulse (proteoglycans, type IV collagen), Lens epithelium (simple cuboidal to columnar), differentiating lens fibers, and mature lens fibers

29
Q

Conjuctiva of eyelid

A

inner most layer and is in contact with the eyeball. Stratified columnar or stratified squamous.

30
Q

Tarsal fibroelastic plate of the eyelid

A

provides rigidity, helps in movement

31
Q

Meibomian gland of eyelid

A

secretes sebaceous type materials

32
Q

Orbicular muscle of eyelid

A

contracts to help you move your eyes

33
Q

Lacrimal apparatus

A

produces tears. tubuloalveoli acini and serous

34
Q

Structures of the outer ear

A

pinna (lobe), auditory canal and ceruminous glands, and tympanic membrane (ear drum)

35
Q

Pinna components

A

elastic cartilage and connective tissue

36
Q

3 components of the tympanic membrane

A

external epidermis, middle fibrous CT, and inner simple cuboidal and or squamous epithelium

37
Q

3 articulating bones

A

Malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup)

38
Q

purpose of the middle ear

A

to amplify the sound and to cause vibration of the oval window of the inner ear

39
Q

2 nerves connected to the inner ear

A

vestibular and cochlear nerve

40
Q

Vestibule

A

contains the utricle and saccule (which is responsible for motion - and has the macula).

41
Q

Semicircular canals

A

in 3 different orientations to help with balance. contain the cristae ampullares (help with orientation and motion)

42
Q

Cochlear duct

A

organ of corti (responsible for hearing via sensory hairs)

43
Q

3 inner ear sensory regions

A

vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlear duct

44
Q

Most important chamber of the cochlear

A

scala media. endolymph filled (via stria vascularis layer of cells) to help maintain the viability of the organ of corti

45
Q

How the organ of corti works

A

fluid within the canal is pushed by a pressure wave and causes the tectorial membrane to rub against the hair cells. This vibration is then transmitted to the cochlear/auditory nerve

46
Q

Macula components

A

sensory cells that contain stereocilia and one true long cilia in a gelatinous layer. Otoliths on top of the layer. Movement will cause the gelatin layer to move. This causes an opening of ion channels in the hair cells.

47
Q

Cristae ampullares

A

the copula (gelatinous layer) rubs against the other side of the canal.

Histology (20 decks)

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