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Histology > Lecture 18 - Female reproduction > Flashcards

Lecture 18 - Female reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Primary sex organ and function

A

gonads (ovaries). production/storage of gametes (oocytes - exocrine) and hormone production (endocrine)

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2
Q

Secondary sex organs

A

internal genitalia (oviducts, uterus, and vagina) and external genitalia (vestibule, labia minora, labia majora, and clitoris)

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3
Q

Oviduct

A

carry the oocyte to the uterus.

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4
Q

Epithelium of the ovary and structure of ovary

A

germinal epithelium (simple cuboidal). Cortex (which contains the ovarian follicles) and the medulla (CT and vasculature)

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5
Q

Primordial follicle

A

most primitive. flatten layer of follicular cells on inside and stromal cells surrounding. arrested in prophase I.

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6
Q

Stages of follicle

A

primordial follicle, unilaminar primary follicle, multilaminar primary follicle, secondary/antral follicle, mature/graafian follicle

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7
Q

FSH’s effect on follicles

A

FSH (from anterior pituitary) causes flattened follicular cells to become granulosa cells (cuboidal).

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8
Q

Unilaminar primary follicle

A

one layer of granulosa cells. Zona pellucida forming.

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9
Q

Multilaminar primary follicle

A

multiple granulosa cells. zona pellucida on the inside. Theca interna on the outside.

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10
Q

Theca interna

A

layer of cells outside the follicle. produce androstenedione (cell has SER, mitochondria with tubular cristae, lipid droplets), which diffuses into the follicle where it is metabolized to estrogen.

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11
Q

Secondary/antral follicle

A

antral space develops. oocyte will proceed in meiosis to prophase II and be arrested by OMI. Theca externa now develops

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12
Q

Oocyte meiosis inhibitory (OMI) substance

A

arrests a secondary follicle in prophase II.

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13
Q

Theca externa

A

outside the theca interna. CT (collagen), fibroblasts, smooth muscle.

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14
Q

Graafian/mature follicle

A

will ovulate mid cycle. cumulus oophorus develops and corona radiata. upon ovluation, OMI is dispersed and oocyte will progress to metaphase II.

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15
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

(also seen in male reproduction) CT with fibroblasts.

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16
Q

zona pellucida

A

CT layer that surrounds the oocyte. Will stay until fertilization.

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17
Q

Corona radiata

A

layer of tightly packed granulosa cells immediately adjacent to the zona pellucida.

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18
Q

Atretic follicle

A

oocyte is no longer circular but rather oval shape. oocyte has died off.

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19
Q

where is estrogen produced?

A

during graafian cell - granulosa cells

corpus luteum - theca interna/theca lutein cells

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20
Q

where is androstenedione produced?

A

graafian cell - theca interna

corpus luteum - granulosa cells/granulose lutein

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21
Q

What do granulosa cells become in the corpus luteum?

A

granulose lutein cells and produce progesterone

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22
Q

What does the theca interna become in the corpus leteum?

A

theca lutein cells and produces estrogen.

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23
Q

Corpus luteum

A

pleated upon release of fluid. after graafian follicle is ovulated

24
Q

Corpus albicans

A

least digestible material of the corpus luteum. Lots of CT and intracelluluar fibrous material (microtubules). This builds up over time.

25
Q

What brings the ovum in?

A

fimbriae under influence of estrogen from the theca lutein cells.

26
Q

Ampulla

A

dialated area of the fallopian tube/oviduct/uterine tube. Where fertilization occurs.

27
Q

Where does implantation of a fertilized egg go?

A

uterus.

28
Q

layers of the oviduct

A

lining of mucosa epithelial cells, muscularis (inner circular longitudinal) and serosa (outer CT layer) which is continuous with the broad ligament.

29
Q

Two types of cells in the oviduct

A

secretory cells with microvilli (secreting fluids that provide nutrients to the oocyte) and ciliated cells (estrogen-influence will beat to move the oocyte down towards the uterus)

30
Q

Transudate

A

partial filtrate and secreted proteins help promote survival of the oocyte and sperm.

31
Q

3 parts of the uterus

A

fundus (where the oviduct enters), body, and cervix (entrance to the uterus)

32
Q

3 layers of the uterus

A

endometrium (inner most shed layer - glandular layer), myometrium (thickest layer and smooth muscle layer), perimetrium (CT layer and connects to the broad ligament)

33
Q

Arcuate arteries and where they are found

A

permanent arteries outside endometrium that pass through to the basalis of the endometrium that remains.

34
Q

2 layers of the endometrium

A

functionalis (shed and has coiled arteries) and basalis (straight arteries)

35
Q

Secretory phase of the endometrium

A

coiled glands. simple columnar ciliated and non-ciliated epithelium.

36
Q

FSH’s role

A

produced from anterior pituitary (basophils).

FSH - stimulates follicular growth and synthesis of estrogen by the granulosa cells

37
Q

Start of menses

A

FSH and LH are secreted. FSH causes estrogen to be produced.

38
Q

Surge in estrogen

A

resulting from granulosa cells, causes a surge in FSH and LH from the pituitary.

39
Q

LH’s role

A

LH - induces ovulation via collagenase enzymes and transforms the granulosa layer and the theca interna into corpus luteum.

40
Q

Estrogen and progestrone of the corpus luteum

A

promote the endometrium into the secretory phase, where highly coiled tubes and secreting fluids into the uterus.

41
Q

If not fertilized what happens to the endometrium and when

A

after about 12 days the endometrium will break down and shed.

42
Q

What prevents a second ovulation form occurring?

A

high levels of estrogen and progesterone. Also cervical viscosity increases and ciliary motion of the oviduct is reduced.

43
Q

If fertilization does occur…

A

zygote goes to the uterus. hCG produced by the embryo (mimicking LH) will maintain the endometrium in the secretory phase. Development of the placenta (2-3 months) will take over for hCG.

44
Q

Cervix

A

layer of simple columnar which are highly secretory (viscous fluid) that prevents foreign pathogens, virus, and sperm. Aqueous fluid will allow sperm into the uterus.

45
Q

Types of cell layers in the cervix

A

simple columnar and transitions to stratified squamous non-keratinized which extends into the vagina.

46
Q

3 different layers of the vagina

A

mucosa (stratified squamous non-keratinized and lamina propria), muscularis (smooth muscle layer - circular and longitudinal), and serosa (dense CT and elastic fibers)

47
Q

Skene’s glands

A

secretes lubricating fluid. Tubular alveolar with pseudostratified columnar or simple columnar (similar to prostate)

48
Q

Bartholin’s glands

A

secrete mucous for lubrication. tubuloalveolar glands lined by simple columnar epithelium (similar to bulbourethral gland)

49
Q

Clitoris structure

A

2 corpus cavernosum (vasculature), septum, pacian corpuscles on edge in firbroa CT tissue.

50
Q

Labia minora

A

stratified squamous keratinized. Filled with CT and smooth muscle. closer to the vestibule

51
Q

Labia majora

A

stratified squamous keratinized with CT and smooth muscle. Contains more sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and hair follicles.

52
Q

Female Urethra

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

53
Q

Mammary gland

A

interlobular ducts and lobules and small glandular acini.

54
Q

Colostrum

A

proteins secreted into the mammary glands via an apocrine mode of secretion.

55
Q

perivitelline reaction

A

hardening of the zona pellucida when the first sperm contacts

Histology (20 decks)

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