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Histology > Lecture 19 - male reproduction > Flashcards

Lecture 19 - male reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Male gonad

A

testis.

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2
Q

components of the excurrent duct system

A

efferent, epididymis, and vas deferns

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3
Q

Gubernaculum testis

A

CT extending from testis in abdominal cavity to what will become scrotum, it will hold it in place until contraction and thus pulling into the scrotum

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4
Q

Testis and excurrent duct system embryology

A

from mesonephrous kidney and starts around 13 weeks. becomes efferent ducts, epididymis, and vas deferens.

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5
Q

3 stages in kidney development

A

pronephrous, mesonephrous (tubes connect during season breeding), and metanephrous.

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6
Q

pampiniform plexus

A

countercurrent heat exchange system, cools abdominal blood passing to testis and epididymis, heats blood returning from testis and epididymis to abdomen.

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7
Q

3 layers of testis

A

vaginalis viseral (single layer of cuboidal mesenchymal cells), tunica albuginea (CT, smooth muscle), tunica vasulosa (illdefined layer of CT with blood vessels which provide nutrients to the seminiferous tubules).

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8
Q

Mediastinum

A

thickening of the albuginea and creation of cavities where the seminiferous tubules empty the sperm. These then empty into the efferent duct

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9
Q

Leydig cells (interstitial cells)

A

synthesize testosterone and reside between the seminiferous tubules. Thus SER, lipid, and mitochondria with tubular cristae.

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10
Q

seminiferous epithelium’s 2 cell types

A

sertoli cells (support) and germ cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, and spermatids)

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11
Q

LH

A

stimulates the leydig cells to produce testosterone

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12
Q

FSH

A

stimulates sertoli cells to produce proteins for support. feedback via inhibin to regulate amount of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary.

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13
Q

Testosterone’s 4 activities

A

maintain spermatogenesis, maintain accessory glands of reproduction, secondary sex characteristics, libido

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14
Q

Accessory glands that testosterone maintains

A

seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands

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15
Q

Testosterone

A

cholesterol precursor. formation occurs in mitochondria and SER.

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16
Q

Tubules rectus

A

sertoli cells only (simple cuboidal) connecting the seminiferous tubules to the rete testis (simple cuboidal)

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17
Q

Sertoli cells

A

support cells that are diploid. and terminally differentiated at puberty. cytoplasm stains darker

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18
Q

Germ cells and its preceding stages

A

spermatogonium, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatids, and then elongation to a sperm

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19
Q

Sertoli- sertoli tight junctional complexes

A

blood-testis barrier (no immune system interaction), compartmentalize germinal epithelium into basal and adluminal compartment, sustenacular role (for germ cell viability)

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20
Q

Type A spermatogonia

A

stem cells (2n)

21
Q

Type B spermatogonia

A

progenitor cells (2n)

22
Q

Spermatogenesis vs spermiogenesis

A

spermatogenesis - entire process to create a sperm

spermiogenesis - simply differentiation from round spermatid (spermatocyte) to elongated sperm (spermatozoa).

23
Q

Primary spermatocyte

A

after mitosis (thus 4n). Heterochromatic appearance

24
Q

Spermatids

A

1n (rounded) which then elongate into spermatozoa.

25
Q

Acrosome

A

head of the spermatozoa that contains the nuclear content and digestive enzymes to allow for fertilization

26
Q

Middle piece

A

axoneme surrounded by outer dense fibers. mitochondria outside

27
Q

Principal piece

A

axoneme with outer dense fivers and a fibrous sheath

28
Q

End piece

A

axoneme only and covered by a plasma membrane

29
Q

How long does spermatogenesis take?

A

64-74 days

30
Q

Efferentes ducts (ductuli efferentes) and what they are lined by

A

roughly 20 ducts bundled together. lined by ciliated (helps moving the sperm) and absorptive cells (reabsorb fluid to concentrate sperm)

31
Q

Reabsorptive cells in the efferent duct

A

contain large vacuoles. reabsorb fluid.

32
Q

Epididymis and what it is lined by

A

one long duct (7m) that is highly folded and pilled upon itself. absorbs fluids concentrating sperm. lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia

33
Q

Cauda

A

widened lumen at the end of the vas deferens increases storage volume.

34
Q

3 areas of the epididymis

A

head (caput), body (corpus), and tail (cauda)

35
Q

2 main function of the epididymis

A

sperm maturation (prominent golgi for proteins being secreted) and fluid absorption

36
Q

Vas deferens

A

additional layers of smooth muscle. inner and outer longitudinal and middle circular layer.

37
Q

Seminal vesicle

A

only one tubule that is highly folded. contain simple columnar or pseudostratified columnar. secrete fluids to promote the viability of the sperm during ejaculation

38
Q

Prostate location

A

at the base of the bladder and where the two ejaculatory ducts enter. Chestnut shaped structure

39
Q

Lining of the prostatic urethra

A

lined by transitional epithelium

40
Q

Different zones of the urethra

A

peripheral zone, central zone, transitional zone, and periurethral zone

41
Q

Corpora amylacea

A

increase with age found in the prostate. simple columnar or pseudostratified columnar

42
Q

Bulbourethral (cowper’s) gland

A

secrete mucin that 1) protects the lining of the urethral from acrosomal proteases and 2) protects sperm from remnants of urine. at the base of the penis and lines the urethra.

43
Q

Histological distinct figure seen with Bulbourethral (cowper’s) gland

A

skeletal muscle next to alveolar gland

44
Q

3 parts of the penis

A

root (attaches to the body wall), body (skin and dartos muscle continuation of scrotum), glans (expanded distal end)

45
Q

Cross section of a penis

A

two corpus caveronsum (vascular spaces that fill with blood) surrounded by a tunica albuginea, urethra with a corpus songiosum.

46
Q

Verumontanum

A

where the two ejaculatory ducts and the urethra converge in the prostate

47
Q

3 components of the prostate

A

fibrostromal component (smooth muscle and fibroblasts), glandular component, and epithelial component.

48
Q

Penile urethra lining

A

pseudostratified or stratified columnar

Histology (20 decks)

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