Lecture 21 - Urinary

Question 1

components of the kidney

Answer 1

cortex (renal corpuscles) and medulla (tubules only) which contain the calyces. Covered by a fibrous capsule

Question 2

Renal corpuscle

Answer 2

golmerulus and capsule filters blood

Question 3

Proximal tubule

Answer 3

convoluted tubule (65% of reabsorption) and a straight short duct. Enters the outer medulla from the cortex

Question 4

Loop of Henle

Answer 4

thick descending (15% of reabsorption), thin descending, thin ascending, and thick ascending duct. Occurs in the medulla

Question 5

Distal tubule

Answer 5

thick ascending duct and thick convoluted tubule. reenters the cortex and has the macula densa.

Question 6

glomerulus

Answer 6

large bed of capillaries in the corpuscle.

Question 7

Cell type in the corpuscle and their function

Answer 7

podocytes that aid in the filtration of the blood.

Question 8

Macula densa

Answer 8

highly compacted cells of the distal convoluted tubule adjacent to the arteriole. can control the flow of blood into the renal corpuscle. by secreting renin to the juxtaglomerular cells.

Question 9

Parietal layer of the corpuscle

Answer 9

capsule

Question 10

Visceral component

Answer 10

highly branched arterioles and capillaries that are surrounded by podocytes that aid in the filtration into the urinary space outside the blood vessels and then connected by the proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 11

Pedicles

Answer 11

branches from podocytes that cover the capillaries. will form the filtration slits

Question 12

What are cell sin the macula densa sensitive to?

Answer 12

sodium chloride concentration in the distal convoluted tubule. a decrease will cause an increase in blood flow in the afferent arteriole

Question 13

Mesangial cells

Answer 13

help clean the basement membrane surrounding the capillaries.

Question 14

Which tubule will have a prominent microvilli brush border?

Answer 14

proximal convoluted tubule and thick descending tubule

Question 15

Filtration membrane

Answer 15

fluid passes from the capillary lumen through fenestrations across a thick basement membrane and through thin slit diaphragms between pedicles of podocytes and into Bowman’s space

Question 16

Thin ascending absorption

Answer 16

NaCl but not water

Question 17

Aldosterone’s role in kidneys

Answer 17

promotes sodium and water reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.

Question 18

Vasopressin’s role in kidneys

Answer 18

increases permeability of collecting ducts to water which is osmotically pulled from the filtrate.

Question 19

Vasa recta

Answer 19

bed of capillaries surrounding the loop of Henle.

Question 20

Peritbular capillaries

Answer 20

capillaries associated with convoluted tubules.

Question 21

Outer stripe of medulla

Answer 21

Thick and thick

Question 22

Inner strip of medulla

Answer 22

Thick (ascending) and thin (descending)

Question 23

Inner zone of medulla

Answer 23

Thin and thin

Question 24

Collecting duct appearance

Answer 24

intercellular borders. Minimal mitochondria

Question 25

Ureters epithelium

Answer 25

transitional epithelium or urothelium and surrounded by smooth muscle

Question 26

Whats a histologically distinct feature of transitional epithelium

Answer 26

binucleated cells