Lecture 7 - Cardiovascular Flashcards
Systemic vs pulmonary circulation
systemic: circulation of everything through the body
pulmonary: circulation through the lungs
Order through the heart
Vena cava, R artium, R ventricle, pulmonary arteries, capillaries, pulmonary veins, L atrium, L ventricle, aorta.
Artery order from largest to smallest
Aorta, large arteries, muscular arteries, arterioles, capillaries
Vein order from smallest to largest
capillaries, collecting venule, muscular venule, veins, vena cava
Precapillary sphincter
can shut off a capillary
Structure of a capillary
endothelial cell wall, basal lamina, and pericytes (maintain viability)
Continuous capillaries
muscle, skin, lung, and brain
Fenestrated capillary
fenestrations spanned by a diaphragm to allow for more rapid movement of fluid and gases. Found in intestines and endocrine.
Fenested capillary with no diaphragm
Kidney
Sinusoidal capillary
wider fenestrations. found in liver, spleen, bone marrow, and endocrine
Capillary exchange mechanisms
open pores, diffusion, filtration, vesicular transport (large molecules), and transendothelial channels
Tranendothelial channels
when vesicles merge and form a channel with each other, allowing for increased fluid movement and larger molecules
Compound that causes vasodilation
Nitric oxide
Compound that causes vasoconstriction
endothelin
3 layers of a blood vessel from inner to outside
tunica intima, tunica media, and tunia adventitia
Tunica intima
endothelium, CT, Internal elastic lamina.
Tunia media
smooth muscle, elastic fibers, external elastic lamina (thicker in arteries, thinner in veins)
Tunica adventitia
CT, vasovasorum (blood vessels), nerves. Thicker in veins and thinner in arteries
Veins often do not have what as compared to arteries
Internal elastic lamina.
Scalloped internal elastic lamina
seen in arteries
1-5 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media
arteriole
6-40 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media
muscular or distributing artery
40-60 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media
elastic arteries (aorta)
Areas with thick tunica initima
aorta and vena cava
Areas with thick tunica adventitia
veins and vena cava (with smooth muscle running perpendicular)
Elastic fibers found in which side of criculatory system
arteries and some larger veins
4 types of microcirculation
arteriole-capillary bed-venule;
arteriovenous anastomosis (skin);
arteriole-capillary-arteriole (kidney);
Venule-capillar-venule (liver)
Which part of the system contains valves? And what do they do?
Veins and lymphatic vessels. Facilitate unidirectional blood and lymphatic flow.
Wider lumen is more telling of what type of structure?
Venous side
Distinguishing feature of the vena cava?
smooth muscle in the tunica adventitia runs perpendicular to the media
3 layers of the heart from inner to outer
endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium
Homolog of endocardium
tunica intima
Homolog of myocardium
tunica media
Homolog of epicardium
tunica adventitia
Usually the thickest layer of the heart
myocardium
Pericardium
the sac that the heart resides in
Chamber that has the larger myocardium
Ventricles
Perkunje fibers
conduct a wave of depolarization to stimulate the contraction of the myocardium of the heart. Found in the endocardium
Layer of the heart that contains adipose tissue
epicardium
Route of depolarization
SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
Contraction begins where?
apex
Functions of lymphatic drainage
return excess 10% of interstitial fluid to blood; transport lipids absorbed from intestines; immunologic support
What is drained in the lymph system
tissue fluid, metabolic waste products, and CO2.
Lymph drainage order from highest pressure to least
blood capillaries, interstitial fluid, lymph capillaries, lymph veins, lymph ducts, large circulatory veins
Lymphatic vessels
thin layer of endothelial cells (no smooth muscle present) if nucleated cells present and valve, then lymph
True or false: lymph fluid does not have to drain before returning to blood
false
Myocardial infarction
occlusion of a coronary artery usually with plaque
Berry aneurysm
bleeding from a ruptured vessel, likely caused from high blood pressure. Likely related to defects in the tunica media.
Varicose veins
valve insufficiency.
Nucleated component in the heart
purkinje fibers
