Lecture 13 - GI Flashcards

1
Q

Mesentery

A

wall surrounding the tract and separating it from other tissues. Binds to the abdominal wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Serosa and its two layers

A

visceral inner layer and parietal outer layer. secretion between the two and aids in protection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Muscularis externa

A

3 layers. outer longitudinal and inner circular muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mucosal layers

A

submucosa - may contain some lymphoid nodules

Mucosa - inner alyer of epithelium with microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Small intestine unique features

A

interstinal villi and plica circularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Interstinal villi

A

multiple juts into the lumen space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

plica circularis

A

larger structure that juts into the lumen to increase surface area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Colon unique features

A

invaginations of the wall (crypts of Lieberkuhn)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Auerbach’s plexus

A

connection to the nervous system that helps control the tract. In the muscluaris externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Meissner’s plexus

A

also helps with nervous system control. In the submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mucosa

A

stratified squamous non-keratinized. muscularis mucosa (smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

esophagus’s muscularis externa

A

3 layers. upper skeletal, middle skeletal and smooth, lower smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

esophagus’ mucosa

A

non-keratinized. esophageal glands in submucosa secrete mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

esophago-gastric junction

A

change from stratified squamous to simple columnar with gastric pits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cardiac stomach

A

will have cardiac glands which are straight, tubular lined by mucous columnar cells. few parietal and chief cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glands of body and fundus of stomach

A

glands are branched tubular which have a isthmus, neck, and base.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Isthmus cells of the glands of body and fundus of stomach

A

mucous cells and a few parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Neck cells of the glands of body and fundus of stomach

A

mucous cells and parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Base cells of the glands of body and fundus of stomach

A

parietal cells and chief cells

20
Q

Rugae

A

large mucosa and submucosa folds

21
Q

Pyloric stomach

A

deeper gastric pits and short pyloric glands which are coiled tubular branched. mucous.

22
Q

Parietal cells secretion

A

HCl and intrinsic factor (light staining)

23
Q

Chief or zymogenic cell secretion

A

gastric lipase (lipids) and precursor pepsinogen (proenzyme). dark staining - basophilic since RER.

24
Q

G cell secretion and location

A

gastrin. located at the bottom of the pit.

25
Enteroendocrine (argentaffin) cells
stain silver. secrete serotonin. important for endrocrine function
26
Where do lymph nodes occur?
above the submucosa region
27
Where do veins and arteries occur?
in the submucosa region
28
Active parietal cells and how it changes from a resting cell
secrete HCl. induced by beginning of digestion. microvilli will increase as tubulovesicles fuse together and fill the intracellular canaliculi. More mitochondria
29
HCl production in parietal cells
requires ATP and thus lots of mitochondria. carbonic anhydrase creates bicarbonate and protons from water and CO2. Protons and chloride go out of cell.
30
Transition to duodenum
mucosa from gastric pits to intestinal villi. Thickened smooth muscle of the pyloric sphincter
31
Structure of small intestine and cell types
glands and villi. In pits - see goblet cells, mitoses (dividing cells), smooth muscle, paneth's cells, and lymphocytes.
32
Goblet cells
mucus secreting cells. thus light staining. can be found in the villi.
33
Paneth cells
serous secreting cells. can be found in the pits, usually at the bottom.
34
Structural components of a microvillus
filled by actin and fibrin (bridges between actin filaments). capped by villin.
35
Other components of a microvillus
blood circulation, lymphatic circulation (central lacteal) with lymphoid nodule, and innervation and muscle
36
Duodenum's glands
Brunner's glands - branched tubular. extend through submucosa. short crypts of Lieberkuhn
37
Jejunum
only surface villi and crypts of Lieberkuhn
38
Ileum
surface villi with crypts of Lieberkuhn. Lymphatic nodules form Peyer's patches under mucosa
39
Colon sequence
ascending colon, right colic flexure (liver), transverse, left colic flexure (spleen), descending, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus
40
Difference between small intestine and large intestine?
no villi in the large intestine
41
Taeniae coli
3 longitudinal muscle accumulations in the large intestine
42
Recto-anal junction
rectum lined by simple columnar epithelium and tubular glands to stratified squamous epithelium of anus.
43
Stem cell location in stomach, small intestine, and colon
stomach - high in the pits. small intestine - bottom of the crypt colon - mid to low in the crypt.
44
Muscularis mucosa
defines the border of the mucosa and the submucosa.
45
Brunner's glands
in the duodenum. Secrete a basic solution that helps to neutralize the chyme being released by the stomach.
46
submucosal plexus
connection to the nervous system beneath the villi.