Lecture 13 - GI Flashcards

1
Q

Mesentery

A

wall surrounding the tract and separating it from other tissues. Binds to the abdominal wall.

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2
Q

Serosa and its two layers

A

visceral inner layer and parietal outer layer. secretion between the two and aids in protection.

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3
Q

Muscularis externa

A

3 layers. outer longitudinal and inner circular muscle.

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4
Q

Mucosal layers

A

submucosa - may contain some lymphoid nodules

Mucosa - inner alyer of epithelium with microvilli

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5
Q

Small intestine unique features

A

interstinal villi and plica circularis

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6
Q

Interstinal villi

A

multiple juts into the lumen space

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7
Q

plica circularis

A

larger structure that juts into the lumen to increase surface area.

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8
Q

Colon unique features

A

invaginations of the wall (crypts of Lieberkuhn)

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9
Q

Auerbach’s plexus

A

connection to the nervous system that helps control the tract. In the muscluaris externa

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10
Q

Meissner’s plexus

A

also helps with nervous system control. In the submucosa

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11
Q

Mucosa

A

stratified squamous non-keratinized. muscularis mucosa (smooth muscle

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12
Q

esophagus’s muscularis externa

A

3 layers. upper skeletal, middle skeletal and smooth, lower smooth

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13
Q

esophagus’ mucosa

A

non-keratinized. esophageal glands in submucosa secrete mucous

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14
Q

esophago-gastric junction

A

change from stratified squamous to simple columnar with gastric pits

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15
Q

cardiac stomach

A

will have cardiac glands which are straight, tubular lined by mucous columnar cells. few parietal and chief cells.

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16
Q

Glands of body and fundus of stomach

A

glands are branched tubular which have a isthmus, neck, and base.

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17
Q

Isthmus cells of the glands of body and fundus of stomach

A

mucous cells and a few parietal cells

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18
Q

Neck cells of the glands of body and fundus of stomach

A

mucous cells and parietal cells

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19
Q

Base cells of the glands of body and fundus of stomach

A

parietal cells and chief cells

20
Q

Rugae

A

large mucosa and submucosa folds

21
Q

Pyloric stomach

A

deeper gastric pits and short pyloric glands which are coiled tubular branched. mucous.

22
Q

Parietal cells secretion

A

HCl and intrinsic factor (light staining)

23
Q

Chief or zymogenic cell secretion

A

gastric lipase (lipids) and precursor pepsinogen (proenzyme). dark staining - basophilic since RER.

24
Q

G cell secretion and location

A

gastrin. located at the bottom of the pit.

25
Q

Enteroendocrine (argentaffin) cells

A

stain silver. secrete serotonin. important for endrocrine function

26
Q

Where do lymph nodes occur?

A

above the submucosa region

27
Q

Where do veins and arteries occur?

A

in the submucosa region

28
Q

Active parietal cells and how it changes from a resting cell

A

secrete HCl. induced by beginning of digestion. microvilli will increase as tubulovesicles fuse together and fill the intracellular canaliculi. More mitochondria

29
Q

HCl production in parietal cells

A

requires ATP and thus lots of mitochondria. carbonic anhydrase creates bicarbonate and protons from water and CO2. Protons and chloride go out of cell.

30
Q

Transition to duodenum

A

mucosa from gastric pits to intestinal villi. Thickened smooth muscle of the pyloric sphincter

31
Q

Structure of small intestine and cell types

A

glands and villi. In pits - see goblet cells, mitoses (dividing cells), smooth muscle, paneth’s cells, and lymphocytes.

32
Q

Goblet cells

A

mucus secreting cells. thus light staining. can be found in the villi.

33
Q

Paneth cells

A

serous secreting cells. can be found in the pits, usually at the bottom.

34
Q

Structural components of a microvillus

A

filled by actin and fibrin (bridges between actin filaments). capped by villin.

35
Q

Other components of a microvillus

A

blood circulation, lymphatic circulation (central lacteal) with lymphoid nodule, and innervation and muscle

36
Q

Duodenum’s glands

A

Brunner’s glands - branched tubular. extend through submucosa. short crypts of Lieberkuhn

37
Q

Jejunum

A

only surface villi and crypts of Lieberkuhn

38
Q

Ileum

A

surface villi with crypts of Lieberkuhn. Lymphatic nodules form Peyer’s patches under mucosa

39
Q

Colon sequence

A

ascending colon, right colic flexure (liver), transverse, left colic flexure (spleen), descending, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus

40
Q

Difference between small intestine and large intestine?

A

no villi in the large intestine

41
Q

Taeniae coli

A

3 longitudinal muscle accumulations in the large intestine

42
Q

Recto-anal junction

A

rectum lined by simple columnar epithelium and tubular glands to stratified squamous epithelium of anus.

43
Q

Stem cell location in stomach, small intestine, and colon

A

stomach - high in the pits.
small intestine - bottom of the crypt
colon - mid to low in the crypt.

44
Q

Muscularis mucosa

A

defines the border of the mucosa and the submucosa.

45
Q

Brunner’s glands

A

in the duodenum. Secrete a basic solution that helps to neutralize the chyme being released by the stomach.

46
Q

submucosal plexus

A

connection to the nervous system beneath the villi.