Lecture 1 - cell types and slide prep Flashcards
TEM
Transmission electron microscope. focus a beam of electrons. X500,000
SEM
Scanning electron microscope. X100,000. Can see the topology
H&E stain (Hematoxylin and Eosin)
Nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively
PAS
glycogen, glycoproteins
Aldehyde Fuchsin
elastic fibers, CT
Orcein
collagen fibers, cytoplasmic counterstain, ELASTIC FIBERS
Silver
Golgi apparatus, reticular fibers
Freeze Fracturing
able to split the lipid bilayer into two.
P Face and E Face
P face - protoplasmic
E face - external face
Formalin (fixation)
cross links to proteins to keep a specimen in place during prepartion
Four basic types of tissues
Nervous, Epithelial, muscle, and connective
Basal lamina contents
Type IV collagen, glycoproteins laminin and entactin, and herapin sulfate.
Simple vs stratified
Simple - one layer of cells
Stratified - multiple layer of cells
Squamous
flat.
Cuboidal
Square.
Columnar
rectangular
Simple squamous examples
Examples are mesothelium lining the pleural, pericardial and peritoneal cavities, and the endothelium lining the cardivoascular system
Simple cuboidal examples
Examples are conducting passageways (glandular ducts), or play a role in secretion or absorption (Distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts in kidneys)
Simple columnar examples
small intestine (gall bladder) and respiratory tract
Transitional epithelium
bladder, extends when full of urine but collapses when urine is absent.
Pseudostratified epithelium and an examples
every cell makes basement membrane contact (respiratory or male uterine tract). Found in the trachea and epididymis
Stratified squamous example
skin.
Keratinized
Dead skin cells found on top. Found in external surfaces of the body
Stratified cuboidal example
sweat gland duct
Stratified columnar example
salivary gland duct and the male urethra
Where are binucleated cells located
bladder cells which is transitional epithelium
Parenchyma
secretory cells of the gland
Stroma
CT within the gland, which supports the secretory cells
Exocrine glands
possess ducts that go to the surface of the body or into the cavity of a hollow organ
Endocrine glands
secret into blood vessels
simple vs compound gland
simple: one unbranched duct
Compound: ducts branch
Acinar vs tubular secretory portion
Acinar is a bulb shape.
Tubular is elongated
Mucous secretion
muco-poly saccharides which do not stain well thus produce a lighter stain
Serous secretion
Contain more proteins and will stain darker. Also usually contain more water
Merocrine secretion
secreting vesicles bud off of golgi apparatus and then fuse with the apical membrane and relase into extracelluluar environment
Apocrine secretion
A large chunk of the cell is secreted. Seen in mammary glands
Holocrine secretion
A whole cell is secreted. Such as the sebaceous gland of the skin.
Brush border is made up of what and found where
microvilli and found in the small intestine
Microvilli proteins
actin filament both into the body of the microvilli but also perpendicular in the basal area to provide rigidity. Fimbrin and villin also found
Cilia
Found in the respiratory system (trachae). Thick and longer than cilia. Can see an axoneme
Stereocilia
Skinny microvilli and contain actin. Seen in ductus epididymis.
Microplicae
surface folds. Help retain mucus and other solutions. Found in GI tract
Goblet cell and type of secretion
secreting cells of mucous into the lumen of the intestine. Merocrine type of secretion.
