Lecture 8 Flashcards
What concentration does passive transport move to?
an area of high concentration to low concentration
What’s the name of the channel proteins?
aquaporins
What sugar acts as a carrier protein?
glucose
What concentration does active transport move to?
area of low-concentration to high-concentration; against the concentration gradient
What transport moves against the concentration gradient?
active transport
What does a sodium potassium pump do?
uses ATP hydrolysis to move ions against the concentration gradient
What is co-transport?
coupled transport by a membrane protein
When does co-transport happen?
when transport of one substance indirectly drives transport of other substances
What do plants use to drive transport of nutrients into the cell against nutrients concentration gradient?
The gradient of hydrogen ions
What does a protein pump do
actively transports H+ ions from inside the cell
What is an electrogenic pump?
a transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane
What is membrane potential?
the voltage difference across a membrane
How is voltage created?
by differences in the distribution of positive and negative ions across a membrane
Where are proton pumps located?
plant/animal, fungi and bacteria
Where are sodium potassium pumps located?
animal cells
What are types of membrane proteins?
Single-pass transmembrane proteins, Multi-pass transmembrane proteins, peripheral membrane protein, lipid-anchored protein
What is the function of membrane proteins?
Cell-Cell recognition
What is exocytosis?
Process involving secretion of small and large molecules
What is endocytosis?
Process of internalizing (bringing inside) small and large molecules
What is phagocytosis?
cellular eating- bulk
What is pinocytosis?
cellular drinking- bulk
What is a phagosome?
a food vacuole
What is receptor-mediated endocytosis?
form of endocytosis in which receptor proteins on the cell surface are used to capture a specific target molecule.
What are the 3 types of endocytosis?
phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis
What is signal transduction?
a biochemical message from outside of the cells gets transmitted inside the cells
What is the process of signal transduction?
-The signaling molecule binds to the outside of the transmembrane protein.
-The transmembrane proteins changes shape on the outside which cases a shape change on the inside part of the protein.
-That change activates new signaling molecules inside the cell.
What are examples of signal transduction?
taste and smell, insulin response, cell growth and division, cell death/apoptosis
What is apoptosis?
cell death
Who was the first trans member of the American association for the advancement of science?
ben barres
