lecture 4

Question 1

What element is found in living organisms such as proteins, DNA, carbohydrates, and other molecules?

Answer 1

carbon

Question 2

What is organic chemistry?

Answer 2

the study of compounds that contain carbon, regardless of origin

Question 3

What experiment did Stanley Miller perform?

Answer 3

the abiotic synthesis of organic compounds

Question 4

What idea did Stanley Millers experiment support?

Answer 4

that abiotic synthesis of organic compounds, perhaps near volcanoes, could have been a stage in the origin life

Question 5

What did alice ball do?

Answer 5

created a more effective treatment for Hansen’s disease and leprosy by isolating ester compounds from chaulmoogra oil. (The ball method)

Question 6

How many covalent bonds can carbon form?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

What is a valence?

Answer 7

the number of covalent bonds an atom can form

Question 8

What are the three common themes in biochemistry for making complex interactions?

Answer 8

size, shape, and charge

Question 9

What are some types of variety seen in organic molecules?

Answer 9

length, double bond position, branching, presence of rings

Question 10

What are hydrocarbons?

Answer 10

organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

Question 11

Many organic molecules, such as fats, have _____.

Answer 11

hydrocarbon components

Question 12

What do hydrocarbons release when they undergo reactions?

Answer 12

Large amounts of energy

Question 13

What are isomers?

Answer 13

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties

Question 14

What are structural isomers?

Answer 14

have different covalent arrangements of their atoms

Question 15

What are cis-trans isomers?

Answer 15

have the same covalent bonds but differ in their spatial arrangements (double bonds required)

Question 16

What are enantiomers?

Answer 16

isomers that are mirror images of each other (require 4 different groups off the carbon)

Question 17

What is a functional group?

Answer 17

the components of organic molecules that are mostly involved in chemical reactions

Question 18

What two groups are important for sugars?

Answer 18

Hydroxyl groups and carbonyl groups

Question 19

What two groups are important for amino acids?

Answer 19

carboxyl groups and amino groups

Question 20

What are the four classes of large molelcules?

Answer 20

Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Nucleic acids

Question 21

Examples of lipids?

Answer 21

Fats and steriods

Question 22

Examples of carbohydrates?

Answer 22

sugars, mono, di, and polysacharides

Question 23

Examples of proteins?

Answer 23

polypeptides, polymers of amino acids

Question 24

Examples of nucleic acids?

Answer 24

DNA, RNA, polymers of nucleotides

Question 25

What is a polymer?

Answer 25

A long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks called monomers.

Question 26

Examples of polymers?

Answer 26

Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 27

What are enzymes?

Answer 27

proteins that speed up chemical reactions such as those that make or break down polymers

Question 28

When does a dehydration reaction occur?

Answer 28

when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule

Question 29

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 29

verse of dehydration recation

Question 30

What is the monomeric unit of carbohydrates?

Answer 30

monosacharides

Question 31

What is the monomeric unit of proteins?

Answer 31

amino acids

Question 32

What is monomeric unit of nucleic acids?

Answer 32

nucleotides

Question 33

What happens when we intake food?

Answer 33

we break down macromolecules and use the monomers to build new molecules

Question 34

How many amino acids are found in proteins?

Answer 34

20

Question 35

How many nucleotides are there?

Answer 35

4