lecture 15 Flashcards
About how much percent of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration?
32%
During cellular respiration , most energy flows in this sequence:
glucose->NADH->electron transport chain->proton-motive force->ATP
What are the reasons why calculation of ATP is inexact?
- you have to account for the energy of moving ATP formed in the matrix of the mitochondrion out to the cytoplasm, where it will be used
-ATP yield varies due to the type of shuttle that transports electrons from the cytosol into the mitochondria
-ATP yield is further reduced by the proton-motive force generated by redox reactions of respiration being employed to drive other kinds work
What carbohydrates does glycolysis accept?
starch, glycogen, and several disaccharides
In the citric acid cycle: what happens to proteins?
they are digested into amino acids, and their amino acid groups must be removed
In the citric acid cycle: what happens to fats
fats are digested to glycerol (used to produce compounds needed for glycolysis) and fatty acids
In the citric acid cycle: What happens to fatty acids?
they are broken down into acetyl CoA, NADH and FADH2
True/False: An oxidizing gram of fat produces more than twice as much ATP as an oxidized gram if carbohydrate.
True
What is feedback inhibition?
the most common mechanism for metabolic control
What happens when TAP concentration begins to drop?
respiration begins to speed up ; when there is plenty of ATP, respiration begins to slow down
What is control of catabolism based on?
regulating the activity of enzymes at strategic points in the catabolic pathway
What happens during biosynthesis?
the body uses small molecules from food to build their own molecules such as protein
Where do the small molecules in biosynthesis come form?
food, glycolysis, or citric acid cycle
