Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology > lecture 23 > Flashcards

lecture 23 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

Two DNA strands with sugar-phosphate backbone and base (ATCG) in the middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are two stands of DNA held together?

A

Two strands held by hydrogen bonds (2 vs 3) forming double helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is DNA negative or positive, why?

A

Negative charge on phosphate (hence nucleic acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many base pairs i the human genome?

A

3x10^9 bp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True/False: Gene has defined sequence and size

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the Key concepts that led to the discovery of DNA’s 3D structure

A

Chargaff’s rule
Sugar phosphate backbone positioned outside and nucleotide facing inside
Signature diffraction pattern
suggesting double helix structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is chargaffs rule?

A

In any species the number of A and T bases are equal, and the number of G and C bases are equal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did the Signature diffraction pattern suggest?

A

double helix structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is the turn in DNA structured?

A

every 10 bp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the purines?

A

A and G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the pyrimidines?

A

T and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many bonds do A and T form?

A

2 hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many bonds do C and G form?

A

3 hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What did Dr. Marie Maynard Daly do?

A

first african american to receive a Ph.D from Columbia University and the first African American women to receive a chemistry Ph.D in the United States

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did Dr. Marie Maynard Daly research?

A

fractionation & preservation of nuclear components and discovery of important lysine amino acids in histone proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

DNA is organized into _____.

A

chromosomes

17
Q

What is Chromatin made up of?

A

DNA and histone (protein)

18
Q

DNA is a polymer of ____.

A

nucelotides

19
Q

Chromosomes are condensed ___.

A

chromatin

20
Q

What are telomeres?

A

a region of repetitive DNA sequences at the end of a chromosome.

21
Q

What does DNA replication ensure?

A

the continuity of cell characteristics with each division

22
Q

DNA replication is ____. (energy)

A

semiconservative

23
Q

What is the origin of DNA replicatipn?

A

at nucleotide-rich (AATATA) DNA sequence
replication occurs in both directions

24
Q

What enzyme participates in DNA replication?

A

DNA polymerase (and many others)

25
Q

What does DNA polymerase do in DNA replication?

A

adds nucleotide to 3’ end and extends the chain from 5’ to 3’

26
Q

What is the function of helicase?

A

unwinds parental double helix at replication forks

27
Q

What does single-strand binding protein do?

A

binds to and stabilizes single-stranded DNA until it is used as a template

28
Q

What does topoisomerase do?

A

relieves overwinding strain ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands

29
Q

What does primase do?

A

synthesizes an RNA primer at 5’ end of leading strand and at 5’ end of each Okazaki fragment of lagging strand

30
Q

What does DNA pol III do?

A

using parental DNA as a template, synthesizes new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to an RNA primer or a pre-existing DNA strand

31
Q

What does DNA pol I do?

A

removes RNA nucleotides of primer from 5’ end and replaces them with DNA nucleotides

32
Q

What does DNA ligase do?

A

joins Okazaki fragments of lagging strand; on leading strand, joins 2’ end of DNA that replaces primer to rest of leading strand DNA

33
Q

How is the leading strand synthesized?

A

-DNA pol I replaces RNA sequence (also called as primer) with DNA nucleotides. Adds nucleotides to 3’ end (like DNA polymerase III)
-DNA ligase forms bonds between two DNA fragments.

34
Q

How is the lagging strand formed?

A

-DNA pol I replaces RNA primer with DNA nucleotides (for each Okazaki fragment).
-DNA ligase forms bonds between DNA fragments.
-Joins Okazaki fragments to form a lagging strand

35
Q

What is a pyrimidine dimer?

A

a kink caused by UV light in DNA, thymine dimer forms

36
Q
A

biology (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions