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Psyc 330- Drugs and Behavior > Lecture 7- NTs > Flashcards

Lecture 7- NTs Flashcards

1
Q

Biogenic amines

A
  • Biogenic substance with one or more amine groups
  • Catecholamines- have a catechol group snd amine
  • Monoamines- contain a single amine group

Includes dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin

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2
Q

Dopamine

A
  • Involved with movement and reward
  • Targeted by many drugs
  • Involved in many neurologial diseases and mental illness
  • Parkinson’s= loss of DA neurons
  • Also inv. in drug/alcohol addiction, schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety

catecholamine

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3
Q

Norepinephrine

A
  • Mediates emotional arousal, attentiveness, initiation of eating
  • Exists outside the brain (adrenaline rush)
  • Targeted by many drugs
  • Involved in depression, many anti-depressants also target the norepinephrine system

catecholamine

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4
Q

Serotonin (5HT)

A
  • Indolamine
  • Involved with sleep and mood
  • Targeted by many drugs
  • Involved in depression and most mood disorders
  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
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5
Q

Glutamic acid

A
  • Glutamic acid (glutamate)
  • Main excitatory- depolarizes neurons
  • Transfers info from one neuron to the next
  • target of hallucinogenic drugs like PCP and Ketamine

amino acid

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6
Q

GABA

A
  • Gamma-aminobutyric acid
  • Main inhibitory- hyperpolarizes neurons (makes them more negative)
  • Blocks/slows the transfer of info
  • Target of most depressant drugs like alcohol, valium, and tranquilizers

amino acid

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7
Q

Peptides

A
  • Endorphins (opiod system)
  • Corticotropin-releasing hormone/factor (CRF/CRH)
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8
Q

Nervous Systems

A
  • CNS
  • PNS (everything but brain and spinal cord)
  • ^ contains the autonomic nervous sytem that regulates the nonconscious, automatic functions (Sympathetic and parasympathetic)
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9
Q

Sympathetic NS

A
  • Activation associated with response to stress or excitation
  • Norepinephrine/noradrenaline responsible for adrenaline rush
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10
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A
  • Activation associated w “normal” function
  • Balances actions of the sympathetic branch
  • Primarily cholinergic
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11
Q

Hindbrain

A
  • Brain stem
  • Cerebellum
  • Medulla oblongata
  • Pons
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12
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A
  • Regulation of basic life functions like breathing, HR, vomiting, swallowing, BP, and digestive process
  • Drugs that affect this area can lead to respiratory distress and cardiac failure
  • Ingestion of toxic chemicals triggers vomitting to purge
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13
Q

Pons

A
  • Sleep and wakefulness
  • Reticular activating system is connected to the Pons- alertness/arousal
  • Barbiturates and tranquilizers may act on this region
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14
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • Motor control
  • Executive function
  • Senses
  • Major target of alcohol
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15
Q

Midbrain

A
  • Inferior colliculi
  • Superior colliculi
  • Substantia nigra
  • Ventral tegmental area
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16
Q

Inferior Colliculi

A

Part of auditory system

17
Q

Superior Colliculi

A

functions in localization of visual stimuli

18
Q

Substantia Nigra

A

Dopamine neurons, involved in motor function

19
Q

Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA)

A
  • Dopamine neurons, involved in reward
20
Q

Forebrain parts

A
  • Thalamus/Hypothalamus
  • Limbic System
  • Basal Ganglia
  • Cerebral cortex
21
Q

Thalamus and Hypothalamus

A
  • Thalamus: relay station for rest of brain
  • Hypothalamus: critical for motivation of behavior, involved in regulation of eating/drinking, body temperature, agression, sexual behavior, and arousal
  • Besides the cortex, is the most important for interpreting complex behavior
22
Q

Limbic System

A
  • Amygdala: emotion and aggression
  • Hippocampus: memory
  • Basal ganglia: motor movement initiation
23
Q

Basal ganglia (striatum)

A
  • Important for motor control: caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus
24
Q

Mesolimbic Dopaminergic Pathway

A
  • Major dopamine pathway that begins the the VTA of the midbrain region (major producer of dopamine)
  • Projects to the nuclueus accumbens
  • then to the frontal cortex- “pleasure center”
  • Stimuli that “arouse” (attention-getters, alertness) activate mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway
25
Q

Nigro-Striatal Pathway

A
  • Substantia Nigra- major producer of dopamine, transported to striatum (area of the brain composed mostly of basal ganglia; critical to the modulation and planning of movement)
  • Parkinson’s- 80% of dopamine neurons are killed before symptoms appear
26
Q

Cortex

A
  • Frontal: planning of movements, recent memory, some aspects of emotions
  • Parietal: body sensations
  • Occipital: vision
  • Temporal: hearing, advanced visual processing
27
Q

Phineas Gage

A
  • Showed the sole function of the brain is not only language and movement but also emotions and social behavior. Showed the role of the frontal cortex involved in control, personality, and decision making
  • At the time, scientists thought the brain functioned globally, and lacked localized function
28
Q

Imaging techniques

A
  • EEG (Electroencephalogram): electrodes measure electrical activity of the brain
  • CT scan (computed tomography): uses series of X-rays put together to create images of the area scanned
  • PET scan (positron emission tomography): uses radioactive drug called tracer
  • MRI and fMRI (magnetic resonance imaging): uses magnets that produce a strong magnetic field that forces protons to align in that field

Psyc 330- Drugs and Behavior (40 decks)

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