Lecture 15- Stimulants Flashcards

Exam 2

1
Q

Cocaine and Alcohol

A
  • taking the edge off
  • Liver enzymes that metabolize both produce cocaethylene (just as activite in bloocking transporters)
  • Paradoxically, potentiates the euphoric effects
  • Increases risk of dual dependency
  • With chronic use, increases withdrawal
  • Longer half-life, more toxic than cocaine
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2
Q

How long are cocaine metabolites detectable for?

A
  • 2 days- 2 weeks depending on length of chronic use
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3
Q

Cocaine and heroin

A
  • Combination (other opiates too) called speedball
  • More common among heroin addicts
  • enhance pleasurable effects of cocaine
  • common cause of over-doses resulting from synergistic effects on blood pressure and heart rate
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4
Q

What factors must be considered in the treatment of stimulant misuse?

A
  • The drugs’ powerful reinforcing effects
  • High tendency toward relapse
  • Additional drug dependencies and/or psychiatric disorders (affective disorders, BPD)
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5
Q

What must you have in the treatment of stimulant misuse?

A
  • Immediate abstinence
  • Diagnosis of coexisting disorders
  • Determine if addiction is primary or secondary
  • maintenance of abstinence
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6
Q

Types of Treatment

A
  • 12 step recovery programs (similar to AA)
  • Psychopharmacolody: drugs that reduce the negative effects of dependence (ex. the craving of cocaine)
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7
Q

Stimulant treatment

desipramine

A

antidepressant

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8
Q

Stimulant treatment

Bromocriptine

A

DA receptor blocker

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9
Q

Stimulant treatment

Tyrosine

A

increase in serotonin

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10
Q

Lithium

A

mood stabilizer

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11
Q

Topiramate

A

anti-seizure med also known to have anti-craving effects

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12
Q

ADHD Core symptoms

A

Inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity

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13
Q

Why do stimulants work on ADHD?

A

Dopamine levels in reward pathways are low in people with ADHD

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14
Q

Common ADHD drugs

A
  • Concerta (slow-release) and Ritalin-methylphenidate
  • Adderall- amphetamine
  • Strattera- Atomoxetine (non-stimulant/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor)
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15
Q

Problems with ADHD treatment

A
  • Side effects create compliance issues (insomnia, tics, anger/irritability, loss of appetite)
  • Effects are somewhat short lasting- slow-release or patch (Daytrana) can help with this
  • Strattera- teen suicide
  • Increased rates of prescriptions- increased misuse potential
  • A gateway drug?
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