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Psyc 330- Drugs and Behavior > Chapter 18-Caffeine > Flashcards

Chapter 18-Caffeine Flashcards

Exam 2

1
Q

Adenosine vs Caffeine receptor

A
  • Adenosine receptor is agonist
  • Caffeine receptor is antagonist
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2
Q

CNS Action Adenosine vs Caffeine

A
  • Adenosine: inhibitory
  • Caffeine: excitatory
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3
Q

Adenosine and caffeine NTs

A
  • ACh, DA, NE, 5-HT down, GABA up for adenosine
  • opposite for caffeine
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4
Q

behavior adenosine vs caffeine

A
  • drowsiness: adenosine
  • arousal: caffeine
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5
Q

What does caffeine do by blocking adenosin?

A

By blocking the agonist’s effect (Adenosine) the net effect is opposite of the agonist effect

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6
Q

Short term effects: at small doses (75-150 mg; 2 cups) for peripheral

A
  • increases:
  • general metabolism
  • breathing
  • urination
  • blood pressure
  • vasodilation (opening of blood vessels)
  • sympathomimetic effects
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7
Q

CNS Effects (short-term) of caffeine w small doses (75-150 mg; 2 cups)

A
  • elevates activity
  • postpones fatigue
  • enhances performance on simple tasts
  • delays sleep onset, shortens sleep
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8
Q

Psychiological effects at larger doses of caffeine (>300 mg)

A
  • produces headache
  • jitteriness
  • abnormally rapid heartbeat (tachycardia)
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9
Q

What are the symptoms of caffeinism, and how much needs to be taken for this?

A
  • experienced after 1000mg
  • resembles the state of a diabetic without insulin, including high leveles of blood sugar
  • light-headedness, tremouslessness, breathlessness, irregular hb
  • Dose that produces these effects can vary among individuals (as little of 250 mg per day)
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10
Q

Caffeine overdoses

A
  • overdoses are very rare
  • often as a result of too many caffeine pills
  • 10 g for adults; 100 mg/kg for children
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11
Q

When do toxic effects of caffeine appear?

A
  • when regular caffeine use is above about 500 mg in a day (but varies among individuals)
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12
Q

What happens above the toxic effect level for caffeine?

A
  • chronic insomnia
  • persistent anxiety
  • depression
  • stomach ulcers
  • irregular heartbeat
  • raise cholesterol (risk of atherosclerosis)
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13
Q

What increases raised cholesterol (risk of atherosclerosis) w caffeine?

A

depends on how the coffee is prepared, only boiled increases risk and is seen in Norway

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14
Q

Caffeine tolerance

A
  • tolerance rapidly occurs to stimulating effects
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15
Q

Caffeine withdrawal

A
  • mild withdrawal syndrom is usually associated w regular use >350 mg
  • produced in controlled studies by abrupt cessation of as little as 1-2 cups per day
  • kicks in around 12-24 hours
  • feelings of fatigue, sedation, headaches, irritability, and nausea
  • withdrawal lasts around 1 week
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16
Q

medical benefits from methylxanthines: caffeine (coffee)

A
  • cerebral stimulation
  • respiratory stimulant for premature infants
17
Q

medical benefits from methylxanthines: theophylline (tea)

A
  • coronary dilation
18
Q

medical benefits from methylxanthines: theobromine (cocoa)

A

diuresis

19
Q

energy drinks typical caffeine amount

A
  • very high levels of caffeine ranging from 80-300 mg
20
Q

red bull

A

111 mg in 12oz

21
Q

Monster energy

A

160 mg in 16 oz

22
Q

5-hour energy

A

200 mg in 1.93 oz

23
Q

Jolt cola

A

280 mg in 23.5 oz

24
Q

Wired X505

A

505 mg in 24 oz

25
Q

What is the problem w energy drinks?

A

speed of consumption (coffee is drunk slower)

26
Q

Energy drinks and regulations

A
  • not US FDA regulated- advertised as a dietary supplement
  • some countries have banned energy drinks (Denmark, Uruguay, turkey, and Australia)
  • Some countries require warning labels (Canada and Sweden)
27
Q

Who are energy drinks marketed to?

A
  • Adolescents and young adults
  • to “enhance alertness and energy boost”
28
Q

Energy drinks and alcohol effect

A
  • the idea is to counter-act motor impairment and sedative properties of alcohol
  • may reduce perception of headaches, weekness, and motor coordination impairment
  • however, no actual change in motor coordination and visualreaction time
29
Q

Motivation and mixing alc w caffeine

A

mixing may result in greater motivation to drink

30
Q

What did the 2016 mouse study showing adolescent exposure to alcohol and caffeine determine?

A
  • exposure to alcohol and caffeine led to:
  • cross-tolerance to cocaine’s effects
  • increased natural reward consumption
  • increased markers of neuronal activity in the NAc

Psyc 330- Drugs and Behavior (40 decks)

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