Lecture 7: Approach to Heptaobiliary and Lymphatic Disease Flashcards
What are some infectious causes of impending diarrhea causing colic signs with fever
salmonella, clostridia, coronavirus
what are some drug induced causes of impending diarrhea with signs of colic and fever
antibiotics, NSAIDS
t or f: horses that present with colic and fever who end up having GI tract rupture/ leakage secondary to obstruction deteriorate rapidly
true
uncomplicated colics such as gas colic and simple colic do not have a __
fever
what are some causes of peritonitis in horses
post surgical leakage from GI or reproductive tract, rectal tear,GI rupture, uterine rupture, actinobacillus equuli
how do you tx peritonitis in horses caused by post surgical tear, rectal tear, GI rupture or uterine tear
resolve cause, antibiotics, peritoneal lavage
what is prognosis for peritonitis causes by leakage from GI or reproductive tract
poor to moderate
what is etiology of actinobacillus equuli
translocation or secondary to parasite migration
how do you tx actinobacillus equuli
penicillin or trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole
what is prognosis for peritonitis caused by A. Equuli
excellent
what liver enzymes are high in horses with liver diasease
GGT and SDH
what are choleliths
stones distributed on parenchyma of liver
how do you dx choleliths
ultrasound
how do you tx choleliths
DMSO, antibiotics
what is Theiler’s disease
acute hepatitis
what is Theilers disease/ acute hepatitis associated with
parvovirus
acute hepatitis/ theilers disease often associated with recent history of __administration
serum/plasma product (ex: tetanus antitoxin)
what is the likely cause of chronic active hepatitis
immune mediated
what type of cells are infiltrating in chronic active hepatitis
lymphocytic-plasmacytic infilatration
how do you tx chronic active hepatitis
corticosteroids
what is the etiology of pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity
cross-linking of hepatocyte DNA
what signs are pathopnuemonic for pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity
megalocytosis, biliary hyperplasia, bridging portal fibrosis
what would you expect the levels of GGT, indirect and direct bilirubin to be in a patient with liver disease
elevated
what would you expect the levels of total protein and albumin to be in patient with liver disease
low
Patient presents with colic signs, depressed, icteric, febrile, and tachycardia. Perform abdominal ultrasound. What is wrong with liver here
choleliths present
What would you expect the levels of SDH and bile acids to be in patient with choleliths or liver disease
elevated
patient dx with choleliths on ultrasound, you perform a liver biopsy- why perform if you already have dx
prognosis, culture
what is tx plan for choleliths
- Hospitalization
- Broad spectrum antibiotics
- IV fluids- DMSO, dextrose
- Anti-inflammatories
what is etiology of hepatoencephalopathy
failure of liver to metabolize ammonia to urea, occurs with liver dysfunction, portosystemic shunts
what are some signs of hepatoencephalopathy
depression or excitement, wandering aimlessly, head pressing, increased serum ammonia
what is tx for hepatoencephalopathy
- Tx liver disease
- Sedation
- Dietary modifications: increased branch chain amino acids, low protein, high starch
- Neomycin
- Lactulose
how does neomycin work to tx hepatoencephalopathy
reduces ammonia production in the GI tract
how does lactulose work to tx hepatoencephalopathy
draws ammonia into the GI tract from circulation
t or f: horses of any age can get lymphoma
true
what types of lymphoma can horses get
B cell, T cell, T cell rich B cell
what is the most common location for lymphoma in horses
intestinal
what are some clinical signs of lymphoma in horses
- Weight loss most common
- Unthrifty
- Recurrent fevers
- Skin lesions
what are some common alterations in lab work in horse with lymphoma
- Anemia
- Gammopathies
- Paraneoplastic syndromes
gammopathies are most common in what type of lymphoma
B cell
how do you dx lymphoma
biopsy or necropsy
what is prognosis for lymphoma in horses
poor
what is tx for lymphoma in horses
corticosteroids
how is C. Pseudotuberculosis transmitted
horn flies, stable flies, house flies
what are the three presentations of C. Pseudotuberculosis in horses
- External abscesses (pigeon fever)
- Internal abscesses
- Ulcerative lymphangitis
what are some signs of C. Pseudotuberculosis with external abscesses
caseous abscesses in pectoral region, thick capsule
Lameness
what antibiotics tx C. Pseudotuberculosis with external abscesses
doxycycline, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides
what signs are common with C. Pseudotuberculosis causing ulcerative lymphangitis
swollen, painful limbs, chains of nodules that abscess and ulcerated
