Lecture 7: Approach to Heptaobiliary and Lymphatic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are some infectious causes of impending diarrhea causing colic signs with fever

A

salmonella, clostridia, coronavirus

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2
Q

what are some drug induced causes of impending diarrhea with signs of colic and fever

A

antibiotics, NSAIDS

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3
Q

t or f: horses that present with colic and fever who end up having GI tract rupture/ leakage secondary to obstruction deteriorate rapidly

A

true

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4
Q

uncomplicated colics such as gas colic and simple colic do not have a __

A

fever

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5
Q

what are some causes of peritonitis in horses

A

post surgical leakage from GI or reproductive tract, rectal tear,GI rupture, uterine rupture, actinobacillus equuli

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6
Q

how do you tx peritonitis in horses caused by post surgical tear, rectal tear, GI rupture or uterine tear

A

resolve cause, antibiotics, peritoneal lavage

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7
Q

what is prognosis for peritonitis causes by leakage from GI or reproductive tract

A

poor to moderate

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8
Q

what is etiology of actinobacillus equuli

A

translocation or secondary to parasite migration

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9
Q

how do you tx actinobacillus equuli

A

penicillin or trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole

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10
Q

what is prognosis for peritonitis caused by A. Equuli

A

excellent

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11
Q

what liver enzymes are high in horses with liver diasease

A

GGT and SDH

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12
Q

what are choleliths

A

stones distributed on parenchyma of liver

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13
Q

how do you dx choleliths

A

ultrasound

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14
Q

how do you tx choleliths

A

DMSO, antibiotics

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15
Q

what is Theiler’s disease

A

acute hepatitis

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16
Q

what is Theilers disease/ acute hepatitis associated with

A

parvovirus

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17
Q

acute hepatitis/ theilers disease often associated with recent history of __administration

A

serum/plasma product (ex: tetanus antitoxin)

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18
Q

what is the likely cause of chronic active hepatitis

A

immune mediated

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19
Q

what type of cells are infiltrating in chronic active hepatitis

A

lymphocytic-plasmacytic infilatration

20
Q

how do you tx chronic active hepatitis

A

corticosteroids

21
Q

what is the etiology of pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity

A

cross-linking of hepatocyte DNA

22
Q

what signs are pathopnuemonic for pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity

A

megalocytosis, biliary hyperplasia, bridging portal fibrosis

23
Q

what would you expect the levels of GGT, indirect and direct bilirubin to be in a patient with liver disease

24
Q

what would you expect the levels of total protein and albumin to be in patient with liver disease

25
Patient presents with colic signs, depressed, icteric, febrile, and tachycardia. Perform abdominal ultrasound. What is wrong with liver here
choleliths present
26
What would you expect the levels of SDH and bile acids to be in patient with choleliths or liver disease
elevated
27
patient dx with choleliths on ultrasound, you perform a liver biopsy- why perform if you already have dx
prognosis, culture
28
what is tx plan for choleliths
1. Hospitalization 2. Broad spectrum antibiotics 3. IV fluids- DMSO, dextrose 4. Anti-inflammatories
29
what is etiology of hepatoencephalopathy
failure of liver to metabolize ammonia to urea, occurs with liver dysfunction, portosystemic shunts
30
what are some signs of hepatoencephalopathy
depression or excitement, wandering aimlessly, head pressing, increased serum ammonia
31
what is tx for hepatoencephalopathy
1. Tx liver disease 2. Sedation 3. Dietary modifications: increased branch chain amino acids, low protein, high starch 4. Neomycin 5. Lactulose
32
how does neomycin work to tx hepatoencephalopathy
reduces ammonia production in the GI tract
33
how does lactulose work to tx hepatoencephalopathy
draws ammonia into the GI tract from circulation
34
t or f: horses of any age can get lymphoma
true
35
what types of lymphoma can horses get
B cell, T cell, T cell rich B cell
36
what is the most common location for lymphoma in horses
intestinal
37
what are some clinical signs of lymphoma in horses
1. Weight loss most common 2. Unthrifty 3. Recurrent fevers 4. Skin lesions
38
what are some common alterations in lab work in horse with lymphoma
1. Anemia 2. Gammopathies 3. Paraneoplastic syndromes
39
gammopathies are most common in what type of lymphoma
B cell
40
how do you dx lymphoma
biopsy or necropsy
41
what is prognosis for lymphoma in horses
poor
42
what is tx for lymphoma in horses
corticosteroids
43
how is C. Pseudotuberculosis transmitted
horn flies, stable flies, house flies
44
what are the three presentations of C. Pseudotuberculosis in horses
1. External abscesses (pigeon fever) 2. Internal abscesses 3. Ulcerative lymphangitis
45
what are some signs of C. Pseudotuberculosis with external abscesses
caseous abscesses in pectoral region, thick capsule Lameness
46
what antibiotics tx C. Pseudotuberculosis with external abscesses
doxycycline, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides
47
what signs are common with C. Pseudotuberculosis causing ulcerative lymphangitis
swollen, painful limbs, chains of nodules that abscess and ulcerated