Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Equine Med and Surgery II > Lecture 19: Peri and Post-Partum Care of Mare > Flashcards

Lecture 19: Peri and Post-Partum Care of Mare Flashcards

1
Q

What are some important parts of history to know for pregnant mare

A
  1. Breeding date
  2. Due date
  3. Previous reproductive hx
  4. Gestation length (unless maiden)
  5. Previous GI disease
  6. Vulvar d/c, leaking colostrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is normal HR for mare in late gestation

A

40-60bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

when do you vaccinate pregnant mare for influenza, EHV respiratory, rabies, EEE/WEE and tetanus

A

booster 4-6 weeks pre-partum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When do you vaccinate pregnant mares for EHV-1 abortion

A

5, 7, 9 months gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If needed when should mares be vaccinated for viral arteritis

A

post foaling and not less than 3 weeks prior to breeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when should mares be vaccinated for rotavirus

A

3 dose series- 1st dose at 8 months gestation, 2nd and 3rd doses at 4 week intervals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when should you vaccinate mares who are previously vaccinated for botulism

A

4-6 weeks pre-partum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

when should you vaccinate mares who have not previously been vaccinated for botulism

A

3 dose series- 1st dose at 8 months gestation, 2nd and 3rd dose at 4 week intervals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are some causes of abortion

A
  1. Placentitis
  2. EHV-1
  3. Equine viral arteritis
  4. Mare reproductive loss syndrome
  5. Non-infectious- twinning, fescue, congenital, stress, malnutrition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is cause of mare reproductive loss syndrome

A

eastern tent caterpillars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are some signs of mare reproductive loss syndrome

A

abortion, pericarditis, uveitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

all aborted fetuses considered __ until proven otherwise

A

infectious/contagious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what should you submit after mare aborted fetus

A
  1. Whole fetus and placenta
  2. Collect serum on are
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is placental hydrops

A

disruption of fluid balance- increased production/ decreased absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are some results of placental hydrops

A

cardiovascular shock, abdominal hernia, pre-pubic tendon rupture, dystocia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is normal hydroallantosis volume

A

8-15L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is normal hydroaminos volume

A

3-7L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how do you dx placental hydrophs

A

trans rectal exam, transabdominal ultrasound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is tx for placental hydrophs

A
  1. Drainage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

mare in last trimester and overnight she looks 2x as big, what likely wrong

A

placental hydrops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are some risk factors for ruptured pre-pubic tendon

A
  1. Aged mares
  2. Large foals
  3. Twins
  4. Hydrops
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are some clinical signs of ruptured pre-pubic tendon

A
  1. Loss of ventral abdominal support
  2. Tipped pelvis/ sawhorse stance
  3. Ventral edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is tx for ruptured pre-pubic tendon

A
  1. Supported wraps
  2. Assisted delivery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

t or f: mares with ruptured prepubic tendon are safe to breed again

A

false- do not breed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Horses with uterine torsion/tear present as __ and sometimes are assumed to be in __
colic, parturition
26
what do you palpate to evaluate uterine torsion/tear
broad ligaments
27
what happens on clockwise uterine torsion
left ligament stretched towards right ventral abdomen
28
what happens in counterclockwise uterine torsion
right ligament stretched towards left ventral abdomen
29
what are the 3 approaches to tx uterine torsion
1. Rolling under general anesthesia 2. Flank laparotomy 3. Ventral midline
30
what is prognosis for uterine torsion/tear
better if <320 days gestation, poor if >
31
what type of placenta do mares have
diffuse epithelichorial placenta
32
Describe mare placenta
6 layers that separate maternal and fetal blood, endothelium, connective tissue and uterine epithelium on mare and foal sides
33
given the thickness of mare placental there is no prepartum transfer of __ to foal
IgG
34
IgG must come from __
colostrum
35
how long is colostrum secreted
24hrs
36
what produces equine chorionic gonadotropin and what is its function
endometrial cups, increase progesterone until fetus takes over- maintains pregnancy
37
what is cause of placentitis
ascending infection- Strep zoo, Klebsiella pneumonia, pseudomonas aeruginosa, nocardia
38
what are some signs of placentitis
1. Premature udder development 2. Vulvar discharge
39
how do you dx placentitis
1. Ultrasound 2. Increased combined uterine and placental thickness
40
what is tx for placentitis
1. Broad spectrum abx- trimethorpim sulfa 2. Pentoxyfylline 3. Altrenogest (progesterone)
41
what is the most common cause of death in postpartum mares
uterine artery rupture
42
what mares are uterine artery rupture more common in
older, multiparous mares
43
when does uterine artery rupture occur
immediately postpartum
44
where does bleeding occur in uterine artery rupture
1. Broad ligament 2. Abdominal cavity 3. Uterus/uterine wall
45
how do you dx uterine artery rupture
1. Ultrasound 2. Abdominocentesis 3. Rectal palpation
46
what is tx for uterine artery rupture
1. Eliminate stress 2. Hemostatics- aminocaproic acid 3. Monitor PCV and transfusion if needed 4. Prophylactic abx
47
what occurs during stage 1 of normal parturition, how long
30 mins-2hrs Signs of colic, uterine contractions, foal positioning dorsosacral, rupture of chorioallantois
48
what occurs during stage 2 parturition and how long
20-30mins Active labor, mare up and down, uterine contractions, oxytocin release, rupture of amnion, expulsion of foal
49
what is correct umbilical care after birth
1. Allow cord to break naturally 2. Dip umbilicus in dilute chlorohexidine
50
what is stage 3 parturition and how long
3hrs or less Expulsion of placenta
51
when does uterine involution occur
21-28 days
52
found this in placenta- what is it
hippomane (normal, not the liver)
53
what is this and what is the concern
Premature placental separation- red bag delivery Concern: emergency situation, foal is being deprived of oxygen
54
what is normal foal presentation, position and posture
presentation: anterior-longitudinal Position: dorso-sacral Posture- head, neck and limbs extended
55
what is the presentation for breech
posterior, hind limbs flexed
56
what do you do for unsuccessful deliveries
1. Anesthesia of mare- dorsal recumbency 2. Fetotomy- dead foal 3. C-section
57
what are the risk factors for retained placentas
abortion, dystocia, twins, placentitis, C-section
58
what are some sequela to retained placenta
1. Metritis 2. Laminitis 3. Septicemia
59
what is the most commonly retained part of placenta
tip of non-pregnant horn
60
what is tx for retained placenta
1. Oxytocin (4-6hrs postpartum) 2. Calcium gluconate and oxytocin 3. Broad spectrum abx 4. Anti-inflammatories 5. Cryotherapy 6. Uterine lavage
61
all post-partum mares should be examined for what type of foaling injuries
rectovestibular, perineal injury
62
What are some causes for foaling injuries in mares
dystocia/malpositioning Failure to remove caslicks Iatrogenic
63
what is 1st degree foaling injury to mare
involves vulvar lips only
64
What is 2nd degree foaling injury to mare
vulvar lips and perineal body
65
what is 3rd degree foaling injury to mare
vulvar lips, rectovaginal shelf, perineal body and sphincter
66
what is tx for foaling injury to mare
1. Surgical repair 2. Dietary modification
67
what is aglactia
failure to produce colostrum/milk
68
what is dysgalactia
inadequate milk production
69
What are some causes of agalactia
1. Fescue toxicosis 2. Systemic disease 3. Malnutrition 4. Mastitis
70
What is MOA behind fescue toxicosis causing agalactia
dopamine agonist, antagonizes prolactin
71
what is the protocol to induce lactation in nurse mare
1. Day 1-7: 150mg progesterone and 50mg estradiol 17 beta IM once daily 2. Day 7: 5mg lutalyse IM 3. Day 1-10: sulpiride 500mg IM twice daily, 5x day milking
72
What % BW does mare produce in milk. and how much extra water do they require/day
2-3% 10-15L
73
nutritional requirements of a late term/lactating mares require __-__% more
50-80%
74
what are the developmental parameters of healthy foal
2-3 minutes: sternal recumbency 2-20 minutes: time to suckle reflex 1hr- time to stand 2hr- average to nurse 3hrs- mare pass placenta

Equine Med and Surgery II (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions