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Equine Med and Surgery II > Lecture 10: Equine ophthalmology II > Flashcards

Lecture 10: Equine ophthalmology II Flashcards

1
Q

What wrong

A

Iris cyst

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2
Q

what wrong

A

glaucoma

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3
Q

What wrong

A

cataract

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4
Q

what wrong

A

Synechiae

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5
Q

what is a common cause of blindness in horses

A

equine recurrent uveitis: aka moon blindness

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6
Q

what breeds are predisposed to equine recurrent uveitis

A

appaloosas and European warm bloods

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7
Q

what is the cause of equine recurrent uveitis

A

immune mediated with multiple etiologies: lepto, toxoplas,a, brucella, streptococcus, E. Coli, R. Equi, visceral larval migrans, viral infections

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8
Q

what genetic mutation is seen in appaloosas with recurrent uveitis

A

TRMP1 gene on ECA1
MCH ELA on ECA 20

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9
Q

what are the goals of equine recurrent uveitis care

A

preserve vision, decrease pain, minimize recurrence

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10
Q

what is the tx for equine recurrent uveitis

A
  1. Corticosteroids (neopolydex)
  2. NSAIDS
  3. Cyclosporine
  4. Atropine
  5. Vitrectomy
  6. Intravitreal gentocin injection
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11
Q

t or f: hydrocortisone is good drug to tx equine recurrent uveitis

A

false- does not penetrate cornea

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12
Q

how does a vitrectomy work to tx equine recurrent uveitis

A

removes all fibrin, inflammatory cells, and debris trapped in vitreous to improve vision and delay progression

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13
Q

what are some complications from intravitreal gentocin injection

A

hemorrhage, cataracts, retinal degeneration

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14
Q

what are cataracts

A

lens opacities associated with various degrees of blindness

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15
Q

t or f: the rate of progression and development of blindness from cataract can be predicted

A

false!

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16
Q

what is nuclear or lenticular sclerosis

A

cloudiness of the lens nuclear starting at 7-8yrs old but shouldn’t interfere with vision

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17
Q

what are the tx for cataracts

A
  1. Extracapsular cataract sx- lens is removed
  2. Phacoemulsification cataract sx- lens emulsified and aspirated (quickest return to fx and comfort)
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18
Q

what is glaucoma

A

group of diseases that result in alterations of aqueous humor dynamics that cause increase in OP resulting in damage to retinal ganglion cells and optic nerves

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19
Q

what are some signs of glaucoma

A
  1. Bupthalmos
  2. Haabs stria
  3. Corneal edema
  4. Loss of vision
20
Q

what is indicated by black arrow and what is that a sign of

A

Haab’s stria- sign of glaucoma

20
Q

what is the tx for glaucoma

A
  1. Dorzolamide: Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor:
  2. Pilocarpine: topical Miotic
  3. Timolol- topical beta blocker
  4. Anti-inflammatory ens
21
Q

what is exophthalmos

A

normal sized globe that is being pushed forward by space occupying lesion in orbit

22
Q

what most commonly causes exophthalmos

A

retrobulbar abscess/cellulitis or neoplasia

23
Q

what wrong

A

exophthalmos

24
Q

exophthalmos or buphthalmos: unilateral or bilateral

A

buphthalmos

25
Q

buphthalmos vs exophthalmos: eye is pushed forward, excessive conjunctiva visible

A

exophthalmos

26
Q

buphthalmos vs exophthalmos: third eyelid elevated

A

exophthalmos

27
Q

bupthalmos vs exophthalmos: diameter of cornea enlarged

A

bupthalmos

28
Q

bupthalmos vs exophthalmos: normal IOP

A

exothalmos

29
Q

what is coloboma

A

full thickness holes in iris

30
Q

what wrong

A

coloboma

31
Q

iridial cysts are hallmarks of hereditary ___ of __horse

A

anterior segment abnormalities or Rocky Mountain horse

32
Q

what wrong

A

chorioretinitis

33
Q

what are some causes of chorioretinitis

A

infectious agents, immune mediated uveitis, trauma, vitamin E deficiency, vascular disease

34
Q

what are some lesions associated with chorioretinitis

A
  1. Focal bullet hole
  2. Black lightening
  3. Butterfly lesions of optic nerve
35
Q

what is tx for chorioretinitis

A
  1. Systemic NSAIDS
36
Q

what mutations/coloration is associated with congenital stationary night blindness

A

two copies of specific white spotting pattern mutation known as leopard complex spotting- symmetrical whiter pattern centered over rump

37
Q

what are some signs of congenital stationary night blindness

A

visual impairment in dim light with normal vision during daylight

38
Q

mutation in what gene causes congenital stationary night blindness

A

calcium ion channel gene known as TRPM1 gene

39
Q

what is tx for congenital stationary night blindness

A

no tx

40
Q

what is dacryocystitis

A

inflammation of nasolacrimal duct and gland

41
Q

what are some signs of dacryocystitis

A

ocular discharge

42
Q

what is tx for dacryocystitis

A

flush with saline +/- lidocaine +/- steroids

43
Q

if fail to flush dacryocystitis what do you do

A

perform dacryocystorhinogram with radiopaquew solution

44
Q

how do you sx tx dacryocystitis

A

nasolacrimal punctua or duct agenesis- create fistula between lacrimal lake and nasal cavity

Equine Med and Surgery II (15 decks)

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