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Equine Med and Surgery II > Lecture 16: Nutritional Management of the Sick Horse > Flashcards

Lecture 16: Nutritional Management of the Sick Horse Flashcards

1
Q

current practices like stall confinement, meal feeding, and feeding concentrates leads to what common issues

A
  1. Obesity—> EMS—> laminitis
  2. Gastric ulcers
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2
Q

horses are __fermenters

A

hindgut (cecum)

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3
Q

t or f: horses have gallbladder

A

false

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4
Q

in horses less starch is digested in __, more start reaches __

A

SI, cecum

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5
Q

what bacteria dominates cecum

A

fibrolytic anaerobes- clostridium, fibrobacter, spirochaetacae

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6
Q

VFA’s provided __% of caloric requirements

A

30-60%

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7
Q

starch favors the growth of what bacteria

A

bacillus, lactobacillus, streptococcus

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8
Q

what occurs with starch/grain overload

A

increase lactate—>pH drops—> reduce fiber fermenting species—> alters production and absorption of SCFA’s—> disrupts epithelium—> endotoxemia

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9
Q

what % forage should horses eat/day

A

1.5-2% BW

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10
Q

__ and __ should always be evaluated in unthrifty animals

A

dentition, parasites

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11
Q

healthy horse can go __-__ days without feed

A

2-3 days

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12
Q

you should institute dietary interventions if horse losses __-__% of BW

A

3-5%

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13
Q

with anorexic horses indirect bilirubin __

A

increases

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14
Q

what is the approach to feeding a starved, otherwise healthy horse

A
  1. Begin with 75% maintenance requirement for current BW
    - alfalfa ideal
  2. Continue for 3-4 days
  3. Small, frequent meals
  4. Slowly increase to 125% of maintenance requirement
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15
Q

how does refeeding syndrome occur

A
  1. Initial starvation have glyconeogenesis, gluconeogenesis and protein catabolism
  2. Feed—> switch to protein anabolism
  3. Insulin secretion
  4. Increase glucose and protein synthesis
  5. Hypokalemia, hypomagnesia, hypophosphatemia, thiamine deficiency, salt and water retention
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16
Q

what is dietary approach for obese, but otherwise healthy horse

A
  1. Restrict/ eliminate grain
  2. Low calorie/low starch grains if given
  3. Decrease caloric intake to 75%
    4 1.5% forage
  4. Ration balancer if indicated
  5. Exercise
17
Q

in HYPP horses limit intake of __

A

potassium

18
Q

what type of diet should PSSM horses have

A

forage based diet, low NSC, added fat

19
Q

what type of diet should horses with right dorsal colitis have

A

low bulk diet, small frequent feedings, add pysllium and flax oil

20
Q

what diet should horses with loss of dentition in geriatric horses eat

A

complete mash diet- purina senior

21
Q

what type of diet should horses with renal disease have

A

increase fat, provide protein to maintain BUN:creatinine ratio of 10:1 to 15:1, restrict salt if edema occurs

22
Q

what diet should horses with liver disease have

A

ensure adequate protein/calories, add lactulose if hepatic encephalopathy is concern

23
Q

what should you tube feed with

A

slurries of purina equine senior, critical care meals

24
Q

parenteral nutrition is suboptimal for __horses

A

starved

25
Q

parenteral nutrition is helpful in horses with __ and __

A

anorexia and protracted illness

26
Q

when providing parenteral nutrition you should still continue to provide __

A

access to feed, unless NPOw

27
Q

what are the components of parenteral nutrition

A

dextrose, lipids, amino acids, B-complex vitamins

28
Q

how should you prepare parenteral nutrition

A

with extreme sterility in laminar flow hood

29
Q

t or f: parenteral nutrition is substitute for IV fluids

A

false

30
Q

case ex: 20yr, rescued Morgan mare, BCS 1/9, hx long term starvation- what is feeding plan

A
  1. 75% body weight (alfalfa preferred) for 3-4 days in small frequent meals
  2. Increase to 125% slowly
31
Q

case ex: 25yr old Jenny donkey, BCS 3/5, off feed for last couple days what is plan

A
  1. Run triglycerides- if high tube feed and add dextrose
  2. Rectal and NG tube for reflux
  3. If GI tract okay- NG tube feeding
32
Q

case ex: 6yr QH gelding, BCS 6/9, severe anterior enteritis, uncertain when he will be able to eat- what is plan

A

NPO and parenteral feeding- no NG tube

33
Q

case ex: 4yr old TB gelding, BCS 4/9, 3 day eventer can’t seem to keep weight on

A

increase hay if not getting 2% BW, add fat for calories (rice bran, beetpulp

Equine Med and Surgery II (16 decks)

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