Lecture 16: Nutritional Management of the Sick Horse Flashcards
current practices like stall confinement, meal feeding, and feeding concentrates leads to what common issues
- Obesity—> EMS—> laminitis
- Gastric ulcers
horses are __fermenters
hindgut (cecum)
t or f: horses have gallbladder
false
in horses less starch is digested in __, more start reaches __
SI, cecum
what bacteria dominates cecum
fibrolytic anaerobes- clostridium, fibrobacter, spirochaetacae
VFA’s provided __% of caloric requirements
30-60%
starch favors the growth of what bacteria
bacillus, lactobacillus, streptococcus
what occurs with starch/grain overload
increase lactate—>pH drops—> reduce fiber fermenting species—> alters production and absorption of SCFA’s—> disrupts epithelium—> endotoxemia
what % forage should horses eat/day
1.5-2% BW
__ and __ should always be evaluated in unthrifty animals
dentition, parasites
healthy horse can go __-__ days without feed
2-3 days
you should institute dietary interventions if horse losses __-__% of BW
3-5%
with anorexic horses indirect bilirubin __
increases
what is the approach to feeding a starved, otherwise healthy horse
- Begin with 75% maintenance requirement for current BW
- alfalfa ideal - Continue for 3-4 days
- Small, frequent meals
- Slowly increase to 125% of maintenance requirement
how does refeeding syndrome occur
- Initial starvation have glyconeogenesis, gluconeogenesis and protein catabolism
- Feed—> switch to protein anabolism
- Insulin secretion
- Increase glucose and protein synthesis
- Hypokalemia, hypomagnesia, hypophosphatemia, thiamine deficiency, salt and water retention
what is dietary approach for obese, but otherwise healthy horse
- Restrict/ eliminate grain
- Low calorie/low starch grains if given
- Decrease caloric intake to 75%
4 1.5% forage - Ration balancer if indicated
- Exercise
in HYPP horses limit intake of __
potassium
what type of diet should PSSM horses have
forage based diet, low NSC, added fat
what type of diet should horses with right dorsal colitis have
low bulk diet, small frequent feedings, add pysllium and flax oil
what diet should horses with loss of dentition in geriatric horses eat
complete mash diet- purina senior
what type of diet should horses with renal disease have
increase fat, provide protein to maintain BUN:creatinine ratio of 10:1 to 15:1, restrict salt if edema occurs
what diet should horses with liver disease have
ensure adequate protein/calories, add lactulose if hepatic encephalopathy is concern
what should you tube feed with
slurries of purina equine senior, critical care meals
parenteral nutrition is suboptimal for __horses
starved
parenteral nutrition is helpful in horses with __ and __
anorexia and protracted illness
when providing parenteral nutrition you should still continue to provide __
access to feed, unless NPOw
what are the components of parenteral nutrition
dextrose, lipids, amino acids, B-complex vitamins
how should you prepare parenteral nutrition
with extreme sterility in laminar flow hood
t or f: parenteral nutrition is substitute for IV fluids
false
case ex: 20yr, rescued Morgan mare, BCS 1/9, hx long term starvation- what is feeding plan
- 75% body weight (alfalfa preferred) for 3-4 days in small frequent meals
- Increase to 125% slowly
case ex: 25yr old Jenny donkey, BCS 3/5, off feed for last couple days what is plan
- Run triglycerides- if high tube feed and add dextrose
- Rectal and NG tube for reflux
- If GI tract okay- NG tube feeding
case ex: 6yr QH gelding, BCS 6/9, severe anterior enteritis, uncertain when he will be able to eat- what is plan
NPO and parenteral feeding- no NG tube
case ex: 4yr old TB gelding, BCS 4/9, 3 day eventer can’t seem to keep weight on
increase hay if not getting 2% BW, add fat for calories (rice bran, beetpulp
