Lecture 22: Neonate- neurologic, hematologic, urinary, musculoskeletal, endocrine diseases Flashcards
What is cause of shaker foal syndrome
C. Botulinum, usually type B
what are some signs of botulism
dysphagia, weakness, muscle fasciculations
what is tx for neonatal botulism
- Antitoxin
- Penicillin
- Supportive care
- Ventilation
idiopathic epilepsy is common in who
Arabian foals
bacterial meningitis is usually secondary to __
sepsis
what is cause of neonatal maladjustment syndrome/ dummy foal
- Placental dysfunction/ premature placental separation (red bag)
- Dystocia
what are some signs of neonatal maladjustment syndrome
- Forgets how to nurse
- Aimless wandering
- Seizures
what is tx for neonatal maladjustment syndrome
- Supportive care, fluids
- Abx
- Nutritional support
- Seizure control- diazepam, midazolam
- Anti-inflamamtories/anti-oxidants
- Madison squeeze
what is prognosis for uncomplicated dummy foals
most do well
when does menace appear in foals
2 weeks
What is cause of neonatal isoerytholysis
dams colostrum contains antibodies to foals paternal RBC antigens
what are some causes of NI
- Previous transfusion or pregnancy
- Placental dysfunction
what are the most antigen RBC antigens
- Aa
- Qa
- Donkey factor
what are some signs of NI
Lethargy, weakness, pale MM, icterus (kernicterus), hemoglobinuria/ hemoglobinemia
what is kernicterus
acute toxicity from high levels of unbound, unconjugated bilirubin, neurologic signs
what is tx for NI
- Supportive care/fluids
- Transfusion if PCV <10-15% (washed red cells from dam)
- Reduce stress and activity
- Nutritional support
how do you prevent NI
- Testing of mule pregnancies, mares with previous NI foals
- Test mare serum within 30 days
- Test colostrum with jaundiced foal agglutination test
- Prevent foal from ingesting affected colostrum- provide alternative
What is alloimmune thrombocytopenia
dams colostrum contains antibodies that attack foals thrombocytes
what signs are seen with alloimmune thrombocytopenia
signs consistent with coagulopathy (hemorrhage)
what signs are seen with syndrome of thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and ulcerative dermatitis
oral ulcers, erythema, crusting on head, neck, trunk, axiallary, perineal, inguinal
ruptured bladders are common in __ or __ foals
recumbent, hospitalized
how can you prevent ruptured bladder in recumbent, hospitalized foals
catheterization
what is cause of ruptured bladder in foals
- Parturition
- Recumbent foals
what are some signs of ruptured bladder
- Depression
- Colic
- Abdominal distention
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- Cardiovascular collapse
what are some lab findings for ruptured bladder
- Hyponatremia
- Hyperkalemia
- Increased creatinine
how do you dx ruptured bladder in foals
ultrasound, abdominocentesis
What is tx for ruptured bladder
- Medical stabilization first- stabilize electrolytes
- Surgical repair
what are the causes of patent urachus
- Recumbent foals
- Cord ligation
septic joints are sequela to__
sepsis
what is cause of white muscle disease
vitamin E and selenium deficiency
How do foals get white muscle disease
in utero when mares are selenium deficient
what are 2 forms and signs of white muscle disease
- Cardiac- severe, death within 24hrs
- Musculoskeletal- weakness, stiffness, dysphagia, firm painful muscles, increased muscle enzymes
what is tx for musculoskeletal form of white muscle disease
- IM injection selenium
- Oral vitamin E
- Tube feeding if dysphagic
what is cause of congenital hypothyroidism
foals or mares who have ingested too much or too little iodine
what are some signs of congenital hypothyroidism
weakness, decreased suckle, hypothermia, tendon contractures, incomplete ossification of cuboidal bones, mandibular prognathia
what is cause of hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis dysregualtion
critically ill foals that have inadequate response to ACTH
what is ACTH: cortisol ratio in hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis dysregylation
high
