Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Equine Med and Surgery II > Lecture 5: Diseases of nervous system: inflammatory/degenerative > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Diseases of nervous system: inflammatory/degenerative Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cause of equine degenerative myelopathy/ neuroaxonal dystrophy

A

temporal vitamin E deficiency within 1st year of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what horses have genetic susceptibility to equine degenerative myelopathy

A

quarter horses, Morgan’s and thoroughbreds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are some signs of equine degenerative myelopathy

A

young horse with symmetrical ataxia, paresis, wide based stance, pacing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how do you dx equine degenerative myelopathy

A
  1. Low serum vitamin E
  2. Rule out other differentials
  3. Necropsy for definitive dx- central axonal degenerative projected in somatosensory tracts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is tx for equine degenerative myelopathy

A

natural source alpha tocopherol 5000 IU/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how do you prevent equine degenerative myelopathy

A

feed 1-2IU/kg vitamin E for first 3 years of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is prognosis for equine degenerative myelopathy

A

poor response even if caught early

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is etiology of equine motor neuron disease

A

disease of adults after prolonged vitamin
E deficiency that predisposes to oxidative stress or neurological system resulting in denervation of skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are some signs of equine motor neuron disease

A

feet close together, elevated tail head, low head carriage, shifting weight, walking can induce muscle fasciculations, nostril flare and sweating

No ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how do you diagnosis equine motor neuron disease

A
  1. Biopsy of dorsal coccygeal muscles- sacrocaudalis dorsalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is tx for equine motor neuron disease

A

natural alpha tocopherol 5000 IU/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What horses have genetic predisposition for cervical stenotic myelopathy (wobblers)

A

Thoroughbreds, warm bloods, Tennessee walking horses

Males over presented
Young well feed, rapidly growing horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the copper and zinc levels in wobblers

A

low copper, high zinc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what causes wobblers

A

ataxia induced by developmental abnormality and degenerative conditions of cervical vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is dynamic/ type 1 wobblers

A

Unstable, affects 6-18 months old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is static/type 2 wobblers

A

compressive affects 3-5 year olds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the most common sites affected by wobblers

A
  1. C3-C4
  2. C4-C5
  3. C5-C6
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how do you dx wobblers

A
  1. Ataxia worse behind than in forelimbs
  2. Wobbler heels (scabs from hind limbs hitting front)
  3. <0.5 ratio C4-C6, <0.52 ratio C7, malalignment on rads
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the medical tx for wobblers

A
  1. Cervical facet injections
  2. Slowed growth via restricted calorie diet
  3. Rest, no herd mates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the sx tx for wobblers

A

vertebral fusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the etiology of cervical articulate facet arthritis

A

mild cases of wobblers that worsen with age or trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are some signs of cervical articulate facet arthritis

A

+/- spinal ataxia, hind limbs worse than forelimbs, stiff neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how do you dx cervical articulate facet arthritis

A

rads- show enlarged facets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

middle aged horse presents with stiff neck and mild ataxia. What is problem based on rads

A

Cervical articulate facet arthritis

Facet to the right much larger than facet on left

25
Q

what is tx for cervical articulate facet arthritis

A
  1. Cervical facet injection
  2. NSAIDS
  3. Gabapentin
26
Q

what wrong

A

C2 fracture

27
Q

what are some signs of spinal cord trauma

A

pain, reduced mobility, abnormal neck position, +/- neurological signs

28
Q

how do you dx spinal cord trauma

A
  1. Localize lesion
  2. Rads
  3. Fracture sometimes palpable
29
Q

what is conservative tx for spinal cord trauma

A
  1. Analgesia - NSAIDS, butorphanol, lidocaine or ketamine CRI
  2. Anti-inflammatories
  3. NSAIDS, steroids
30
Q

what is sx tx for spinal cord trauma/ fracture

A

stabilize fracture with implants and prevent large callus formation

31
Q

what is the prognosis for spinal cord trauma that resulted in immediate tetraplegia with loss of deep pain

A

grave prognosis and immediate euthanasia warranted

32
Q

what is prognosis for spinal cord trauma without neurological dysfunction

A

fair to good prognosis

33
Q

what is the prognosis for spinal luxations or fractures of vertebral body

A

guarded to poor

34
Q

what can cause osteomyelitis

A

strangles, tuberculosis, brucellosis or extension of soft tissue infection

35
Q

what are some clinical signs of osteomyelitis

A

pyrexia, stiff neck, pain, abnormal neck posture, poor appetite, weight loss

36
Q

what are some blood work findings consistent with osteomyelitis

A

leukocytosis, neutrophilia and hyperfibrinogenemia

37
Q

what is tx for osteomyelitis and prognosis

A

aggressive antimicrobial tx but guarded prognosis

38
Q

horse recently recovered from strangles, presents with stiff neck and fever. What is likely wrong based on rads and signs

A

Osteomyelitis

39
Q

what is the etiology of shivers

A

degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cell axons

40
Q

who is most affected by shivers

A

male warm bloods, thoroughbreds and tall breeds

41
Q

what must you do in PPE to evaluate shivers and failure to do so can result in malpractice

A

back them up

42
Q

what are some clinical signs of shivers

A

hypertonic muscle contractions and protracted abduction and hyperflexion of hind limbs when walked backwards

43
Q

what is tx for shivers

A
  1. Vitamin E- neuroprotectant and antioxidant
  2. PT
44
Q

what is stringhalt associated with

A

weeds or trauma to sensory nerves of limbs or unknown

45
Q

stringhalt is only evident at what gait/speed

A

walk

46
Q

what other disorder is commonly seen with stringhalt

A

laryngeal paralysis

47
Q

what is tx for stringhalt

A

remove weed
Lateral digital extensor tenectomy

48
Q

what causes fibrotic myopathy

A

damage and scarring or fibrosis of semi membranes is or semitendinosis muscle

49
Q

what are some signs of fibrotic myopathy

A

interrupted anterior phase of the stride “goose stepping”

50
Q

what causes upward fixation of the patella and what is the resulting sign

A

poor quadriceps tone causes the medial patellar ligament to get aught on medial trochlear ridge and maintain extension via “stay apparatus”

51
Q

what are some tx for upward fixation of patella

A
  1. Conditioning
  2. Tendon splitting
  3. Cutting- don’t really do this
52
Q

what is the pathophysiology of polyneuritis equi

A

progressive granulomatous polradiculoneuritis involving cauda equine, cranial nerves and other spinal nerves

53
Q

cause is unknown but theorized to be ___ because of __present

A

allergic neuritis, P2 myelin protein antibodies

54
Q

what are some signs of polyneuritis equi

A

dysuria, tail rubbing, loss of skin sensation in ind end, hyperesthesia, paralysis of tail, bladder, rectum, anus, penis, fecal retention and overflow urinary incontinence, CN abnormalities

55
Q

what is the definitive dx fo polyneuritis equi

A

necropsy- nerve roots have granulomatous inflammation and mixed cell infiltrate leading to myelin/axonal degeneration and distortion of fibrous tissue

56
Q

what are some differential dx for polyneuritis equi

A

fractures of tail head/ sacrum, pelvis, EPM, EHM

57
Q

what is tx for polyneuritis equi

A
  1. Supportive/ palliative
  2. Fecal removal and catheterization
  3. Steroids
58
Q

what is prognosis for polyneuritis equi

A

grave

59
Q

what is the promising diagnostic biomarker for neurological disorders

A

phosphorylated neurofilaments- H (Pnf-H)

Equine Med and Surgery II (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions