Lecture 23: Practical Neonatology and nutrition of equine neonate Flashcards
What should mare BCS score be
5-6/9
when should you deworm pregnant mares
- One month before parturition
- At foaling with ivermectin
what worm/parasite is passed in the milk
strongyloides western
what are recommended vaccines for brood are
- Tetanus
- EEE/WEE
- WNV
- EHV
- Rotavirus
when should you vaccinate broodmares with tetanus, EEE/WEE, WNV, and rabies
4-6 weeks pre-partum
when should you vaccinate broodmares for EHV
5, 7, 9 months gestation
when should you vaccinate broodmares for rotavirus
1st dose at 8 months gestation
2nd and 3rd at 4 week intervals after
should a normal foal be energetic or relaxed
energetic
How often does normal nursing occur
for 90s, 7-10x/hr
what signs from nursing can lead you to think problem with foal
- Mare streaming milk
- Milk face
what are some clinical signs supportive of referral of foal
- Dummy foal
- Sepsis
- Meningitis
- Murmurs persists beyond 96hrs
- Pneumonia requiring fluids, abx, oxygen
- Tyzzers, botulism, tetanus
- Severe diarrhea
- Meconium impaction, colic, intussusception
- Ruptured bladder
- Umbilical infection/abscess
what is deworming schedule for foal
- 10-12 weeks (benzimidazole)
- Prior to weaning 5-6 months
- Yearling
- 15-16 months
what are the core vaccines
- Tetanus
- EEE/WEE
- WNV
Rabies
when should foal be vaccinated for tetanus, WEE/EEE, WNV
- 1st dose 4-6 months
- 2nd dose 4-6 weeks after 1st
- 3rd dose 10-12 months
when should foal be vaccinated for rabies
- 1st dose- 6 months
- 4-6 weeks after first
What are the times when healthy foals require nutritional support
- Orphans
- Rejection by dam
- Insufficient milk produced by dam
- Mare is ill/hospitalized
normal foals are born with limited __stores
glycogen
if foal is nursing with more frequency assess __
mares milk production
normal neonatal foals consume __-__% BW in milk
20-25%
what is caloric requirement for normal neonatal foal
540-600kJ/kg/day
how much weight should normal neonatal foal gain/day
1.5kg/day
bottle feeding foals has risk for __
aspiration pneumonia
what is cause of foal heat diarrhea
changes in microbiome
what is caloric requirement for premature and dummy foals
260-290kj/kg/day, 188kj/kg/day
how do you do enteral feeding in foals
- Trophic feedings- tiny amounts
- Benign at 2ml/kg/hr
- Monitor response
- Increase 4ml/kg/hr
how do you do parenteral feeding for sick foals
- Start at 1/3 calculated TPN
- Monitor glucose and triglycerides after 3-4hrs
- Increase to 2/3 calculatd TPN
- Monitor glucose and triglycerides after 3-4hrs
- Increase to final rate
foals with persistent hyperglycemia may require __
insulin
what is IV fluids shock dose in neonate
50-80ml/kg, 1/4 bolus
what is maintenance dose for IV fluids in neonate not nursing
4-5ml/kg/hr
what is dose for dextrose in neonatal foals
4-8ml/kg/min
